2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：国际学校地方化趋势
每年考研英语阅读篇章很多都取材于经济学人，因此2016年考研复习之初，一定要从基础打好，稳扎稳打。新东方在线分享《经济学人》文章，希望大家能够多看、多练，提升阅读能力！2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：国际学校地方化趋势
International schools
国际学校
The new local
地方化趋势
English-language schools once aimed at expatriatesnow cater to domestic
elites
英语学校，旧时外侨堂前燕，飞入寻常土豪家
IN 1979, when Ken Ross was eight, his family movedfrom Scotland to France
for his father's job with IBM. The computer firm paid the fees at theEnglish
School of Paris, where his classmates were mostly children of expats from
Britain andelsewhere: managers, army officers, diplomats and the like. A couple
were Saudi princes. Forthe most recent class reunion, old boys and girls flew in
from as far afield as China and SouthAfrica.
1979年，那时候Ken
Ross年8岁，因为父亲在IBM上班，他的家从苏格兰搬到法国。IBM支付了他在巴黎上英文学校的学费。在那里，他的同学大都从英国和其他地方来的移民的孩子：经理的、军官的、外交官等的孩子。其中一对夫妇是还是沙特王子。为了参加最近的一次班级聚会，已经成年的男孩子、女孩子要从中国和南非这样远的地方飞过来。
Since then, there has been a boom in such “international schools”, which
teach in English innon-Anglophone countries, mostly offering British A-levels,
American APs and SATs, or theInternational Baccalaureate. During the past
quarter-century, according to the InternationalSchool Consultancy Group (ISC),
based in Britain, their number has grown from under 1,000 tomore than 7,300. In
the 2013-14 academic year they generated $41.6 billion in revenue andtaught
3.75m pupils globally (see chart). Twenty-two countries have more than
100international schools, headed by the UAE, with 478, and China, with 445.
从他那个时代开始，许多这样的“国际学校”冒了出来，这些学校在非英语国家用英文教学，大都提供英国高考、美国预科及高考服务或颁发国际文凭。在过去的25年里，根据在总部设在英国的国际学校咨询集团(ISC)的统计，这些学校的数量已经从不到1000所增长到超过7300所。在2013-14学年，它们在全球创造了416亿美元的收益，培养了375万学生(见图表)。有22个国家拥有的国际学校数量超过100所，阿联酋以478所独占鳌头，中国则紧随其后，有445所。
But nowadays international schools increasingly belie their name. Though
their clientele variesfrom place to place, four-fifths of the pupils they teach
around the world are locals, the ISCcalculates. Thirty years ago, just a fifth
were. The main reason is increased demand forschooling mostly or entirely in
English, both in rich countries (Mr Ross's alma mater now has alarge French
contingent), and even more from rich parents in developing countries who
wanttheir children to be able to go to university in Britain or North America.
“When people makemoney, they want their children to learn English,” says
Nicholas Brummitt of the ISC. “Whenthey make some more money, they want them to
learn in English.”
可是，如今的国际学校却越来越名不副实。据ISC的计算，尽管各个地方客户的情况有所不同，但全世界在国际学校上课学生中4/5是本地人。而30年前，这个比例仅仅是1/5。这里的主要原因是对以英语为主或全英语教学的需求增加了。在富裕国家如此(Ross的母校现在就有一大票法国学生);甚至是在发展中国家的富裕家庭也是如此，这些父母希望子女有机会在英国或北美上大学。“人们挣钱了，就希望孩子学习英语，”ISC的Nicholas
Brummitt如是说：“挣的钱越多，越希望孩子用英语学习”
This new elite can outspend even very highly paid foreign managers—and
multinationals tryingto cut costs are ever less willing to pay school fees.
Locals are more appealing clients, too:their children tend to stay for their
entire schooling, unlike “expat brats”, who are alwaysmoving on, leaving seats
to be filled. And a parent-teacher association packed with the localelite is
more help with bolshie bureaucrats than one full of foreigners.
本国精英阶层愿意甩出比高官厚禄的外籍经理人更多的真金白银—并且那些跨国公司正在想法缩减开支而不愿支付教育费用。这样，本土精英就变得炙手可热了：他们的孩子更愿意留在国内完成完整的学校教育，不愿像“小老外”那样总是颠沛流离，最后人走茶凉。另外对于古板的官老爷们来说，家长座谈会上土豪们群英荟萃可比塞了一屋子老外强多了。
Further growth is on the cards. In another decade, the ISC predicts, there
will be 14,400international schools worldwide, teaching 8.9m pupils. Many will
be run by local or regional firmswho spy an opportunity (two-thirds of
international schools are now run for profit, up fromalmost none 30 years ago).
But ISC's market research suggests that quite a few British “public” (ie,
private) schools plan to set up foreign outposts; some already have, including
Harrow,Marlborough, Wellington College and Dulwich College, the last of which
opened its seventhoverseas arm in Singapore in August. Most are franchise
arrangements (though Marlborough'sMalaysian branch is directly managed).
For-profit global chains such as Nord Anglia Education,Cognita and GEMS are also
planning new schools.
国际学校还可能会进一步增长。ISC预测,10年后全球将拥有14400所国际学校，在校学生890万人。许多学校将由那些一直跃跃欲试的本土或本地公司运营。(如今2/3的国际学校以盈利为目的，而30年前几乎没有。)但是ISC的市场调研认为，相当一部分英国“公立”(说白了是私立)学校计划在国外建立前哨站;一些学校已经暗渡陈仓，包括哈罗公学、马尔伯勒中学、威灵顿公学、达利奇学院等，其中达利奇学院光8月就在新加坡开设了7个海外分支机构。这些机构大多数是授权当地经营(虽然马尔伯勒的马来西亚公司是直营)。此外，诺德安达教育机构
、COGNITA机构和巴乐基教育机构也都在规划新学校。
The biggest growth is forecast in the Middle East and East Asia. But which
countries prove themost rewarding for investors depends partly on governments.
Some countries make it hardfor those who have been schooled outside the national
system to get into university, meaninginternational-school customers risk
closing off their children's future options. Chinese pupilswithout a foreign
passport are barred from international schools. Singaporean citizens
requiregovernment permission to attend international schools, rarely granted
unless they have livedabroad. In South Korea a maximum of 30% of an
international school's pupils can be locals.
中东和东亚预计增长最快。但到底哪些国家将为投资者带来最大利润，一定程度上要取决于政府。一些国家使得那些在本国教育系统之外的学生很难进入大学，这意味着国际学校的客户冒着孩子们未来选择的权利的被剥夺的风险。例如：中国学生没有国外护照则不能进入国际学校就读;新加坡公民申请政府许可就读国际学校很少成功，除非申请人旅居海外。而在韩国，最多有30%的国际学校学生是本国人。
Malaysia's experience shows what would happen if any of these were to relax
their rules. In2012 it removed a 40% cap on the share of international schools'
pupils allowed to be locals,partly to encourage the expansion of a sector seen
as important in attracting foreigninvestment and partly to please parents who
were becoming ever less willing to send theirchildren to boarding schools
overseas. In just two years the number of locals at the country'sinternational
schools has risen by a third, and Malaysians now account for more than half
theirpupils.
马来西亚的经验足以说明，如果这些国家放松规则会发生什么。2012年，马来西亚取消了对于当地人占国际学校学生人数比例40%的上限，一方面鼓励学校的扩张被看作了吸引外资的重要手段，应一方面也为了取悦那些越来越不愿意送孩子们去海外寄宿学校的家长。在短短两年中，在该国国际学校的本国人的数量增加了1/3，如今马来西亚人超过学生总数的一半。
China-watchers are always alert to any hint of liberalisation. The country
has 2.5m dollarmillionaires, many of whom would pounce at an international
schooling for their offspring ifthey were allowed to. Since 2001 foreign groups
and individuals have been allowed to ownschools in partnership with Chinese
ones, and since 2003 schools can be run for profit—butonly authorised
international schools can follow a foreign curriculum. The government
fearslosing control over what children are taught. Officials also argue that
without strict rulesChinese parents could be gulled by greedy foreigners.
中国的观察家们总是对自由化思潮防微杜渐。该国拥有250万个百万富翁(美元)，如果条件允许，其中许多人愿意为其下一代博取一个国际学校的功名。自从2001年以来，外国组织和个人已被允许和中方联合办学，而从2003年开始，这些学校获得盈利许可，但只有经过授权的国际学校才能引入国外课程。政府担心对孩子们的教学内容中失去控制权。此外当局还坚称，如果没有严格的规定，中国的家长们会被贪心的老外坑一把。
One way to profit in China despite the restrictions is to offer
English-language internationalprogrammes in Chinese schools. Dipont Education, a
Chinese-owned firm that grew out of anAustralian one that helped Chinese
students arrange foreign study trips and apply for visas,now runs centres in 27
Chinese schools in 17 cities. These teach A-levels, AP courses and
theInternational Baccalaureate to 6,000 15- to 18-year-olds.
虽有限制，但在中国的盈利方式之一是在中国学校提供英语国际课程。狄邦教育是一家源于澳洲的中国公司，他们帮助中国学生安排国外留学行程并申请签证，如今该公司在17个中国城市中经营着27个学校服务中心。她们为6000个15到18岁的孩子提供英国高中，美国预科和美国大学课程。
A natural next step, says Vanessa Cumbers, Dipont's director of
recruitment, would be for thefirm to start training Chinese teachers in foreign
teaching methods. “Like anything in China, it'sabout localising,” she says. That
prescription may make for less diverse class reunions, but itis ensuring the
rude health of international schools everywhere.
自然而然，狄邦教育的招生主管Vanessa
Cumbers说：对于公司而言，必然要开始用国外教育模式培养中国教师。“像中国其他任何领域一样，都要本土化，”她说。本土化也许会让未来的班级聚会少了些许多样性，但能确保各地的国际学校的健康发展。
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