2016考研英语阅读暑期训练：法学类（10）
暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面新东方在线和大家分享法学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。2016考研英语阅读暑期训练：法学类（10）
The existence of both racial and sexual discrimination in employment is
well documented，and policymakers and responsible employers are particularly
sensitive to the plight of the black female employee on the theory that she is
doubly the victim of discrimination.That there exist differences in income
between whites and blacks is clear，but it is not so clear that these differences
are solely the result of racial discrimination in employment.The two groups
differ in productivity，so basic economics dictates that their incomes will
differ.
To obtain a true measure of the effect of racial discrimination in
employment it is necessary to adjust the gross black/white income ratio for
these productivity factors.White women in urban areas have a higher educational
level than black women and can be expected to receive larger
incomes.Moreover，State distribution of residence is important because blacks are
overrepresented in the South，where wage rates are typically lower than elsewhere
and where racial differentials in income are greater.Also，blacks are
over-represented in large cities，and incomes of blacks would be greater if
blacks were distributed among cities of different sizes in the same manner as
whites.
After standardization for the productivity factors，the income of black
urban women is estimated to be between 108 and 125 percent of the income of
white women.This indicates that productivity factors more than account for the
actual white/black income differential for women.Despite their greater
education，white women’s actual average income is only 2 to 5 percent higher than
that of black women in the North.Unlike the situation of men，the evidence
indicates that the money income of black urban women was as great as，or greater
than，that of whites of similar productivity in the North，and probably in the
United States as a whole.
At least two possible hypotheses may explain why the adjustment for
productivity more than accounts for the observed income differential for
women.First，there may be more discrimination against black men than against
black women.The different occupational structures for men and women give some
indication why this could be the case.Second，the data are consistent with the
hypothesis that the intensity of discrimination against women differs little
between whites and blacks.Therefore，racial discrimination adds little to effects
of existing sex discrimination.These findings suggest that a black woman does
not necessarily suffer relatively more discrimination in the labor market than
does a white woman.Rather，for women，the effects of sexual discrimination are so
pervasive that the effects of racial discrimination are negligible.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to____.
explain the reasons for the existence of income differentials between
men and women
show that racial discrimination against black women in employment is
less important than sexual discrimination
explore the ways in which productivity factors influence the earning
power of black workers
sketch a history of racial and sexual discrimination against black and
female workers in the labor market
2.The difference between income levels for black and white women
is____.
less than that for black and white men
greater than that for black and white men
greater since black women are subject to more discrimination
smaller since women can only do low-paying jobs
3.Which of the following best describes the logical relationship
between the two hypotheses presented in the fourth paragraph?
They may both be true since each phenomenon could contribute to the
observed differential.
They are contradictory，and if one is proved to be correct，the other is
proved incorrect.
They are independent of each other，and it is hard to establish any
relationship between them.
The two hypotheses are logically connected so that it is impossible to
prove either one to be true without also proving the other to be true.
4.If the second hypothesis mentioned by the author is correct，a
general lessening of discrimination against women should lead to a(n)
____.
higher white/black income ratio for women
lower white/black income ratio for women
lower female/male income ratio
increase in the productivity of women
5.The author’s attitude toward racial and sexual discrimination in
employment is one of____.
apology concern indifference indignation
参考答案：
1.
文章最后一段是作者的结论，这段提到两个假设，一是对男性黑人的歧视可能比对女性黑人的歧视更严重;二是对妇女的歧视在黑人和白人之间没有多大区别。因此作者的结论是：就黑人妇女而言，种族歧视并没有使性别歧视加重——黑人妇女并没有受双重歧视，由于对任何种族的妇女的歧视占主导地位，种族歧视的影响几乎可以忽略不计了。
2.
最后一段提到，有数据显示支持如下假设：对妇女的歧视在白人和黑人之间差别不大，因此，种族歧视在性别歧视之外几乎没有再添加影响。这些发现表明：在劳动力市场上，黑人妇女不一定比白人妇女遭受更多的歧视，更确切地说，对妇女来说，性别歧视是如此广泛存在，以至于种族歧视的影响可以忽略不计。
3. 参阅第1题题解。
4. 参阅第l题题解。
5.
意为：关注。作者对黑人妇女在就业上可能存在的受歧视现象进行了实事求是的分析，并借助于数据进行了说明。作者的目的当然是找出根本原因，以便切实解决问题。从这个角度来看，作者对黑人妇女在工作中的地位是关心的。
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