2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1994年Text3
考研英语基础阶段的主要任务是攻克词汇和语法长难句。但是背单词是各位考生最为头疼的事情。与此同时，长难句由于缺乏语境也很难理解。在这个阶段，各位学子可以认真研读1994-2003年的真题，从真题中汲取营养，攻克词汇和语法长难句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能够将10年47篇文章做到精读，相信大家的词汇和语法长难句一定会有大的突破，并且为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1994年Text3
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of
the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their
education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves
describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage
captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players
and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which
exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And
it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’ s
understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next
generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can
see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central
values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown
in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in
our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the
opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has
important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was
used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also
been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies
educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help
in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small
or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all
children—disabled or not—to an appropriate education, and have ordered that
public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response,
schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are
exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
9. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the
stage to show
that ________.
the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and
the society
exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal
children are
exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society
the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the
exceptional children
10. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in
education is that
________.
they are expected to be leaders of the society
they might become a burden of the society
they should fully develop their potentials
disabled children deserve special consideration
11. This text mainly deals with ________.
the differences of children in their learning capabilities
the definition of exceptional children in modern society
the special educational programs for exceptional children
the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
12. From this text we learn that the educational concern for exceptional
children
________.
is now enjoying legal support
disagrees with the tradition of the country
was clearly stated by the country’ s founders
will exert great influence over court decisions
一、快速浏览选项，把握文章主题
根据题干中“exceptional children”, “education”,可知，本文的主题应该与特殊儿童的教育紧密相关。
二、精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句
词汇精解
(1) exceptional (a.) 反常的，有缺陷的;杰出的，出类拔拔萃的;~children需要特殊照顾的儿童;exception (n.)
除外，例外，with the~ of除……之外
(2) in some way (s)=in one way以某种方法;in a way =to a certain extent but not
entirely在某种程度上
(3) potential (n.) 潜能，潜力，full ~最大的潜能;(a.)潜在的，可能的
(4) adapt (v.)(使)适应，适合，改编，改写 ~ to;adaptation (n.)
(5) supporting (a.) (演员、节目等)次要的;support (v./n.)支持，支撑，拥护，供养，维持;supporter
(n.) 支持者，拥护者;supportive (a.) 支持的，赞助的
(6) expression (n.) 表达，表示，词语，措辞，式子，符号，full ~of 充分表达;express (v.)
表示，表示，(a.)特快的，快速的;(n.) 快车，快递
(7) capability (n.) 能力，才能，技能;capable (a.)
(8) denote (v.) 表示，意味着，作为(某事物)的名称、符合或象征等
(9) interpret (v.) 解释，说明，口译;interpreter (n.) 译员，口译者
(10) substantially (adv.) 真正地;substantial (a.)
实质的，真实的，坚固的，结实的，富裕的;substance (n.)物质，实质，大意，财产，财物
长难句精解
①And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of
society’ s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to
the next generation.
原句是it is … that…的强调句型，此句是强调地点。破折号后是对society’s understanding
的解释。其中有一个that引导的定语从句对the knowledge, hopes, and
fears三个名词进行修饰。此句的understanding意思是“理智、知性”;pass on 意思是“把……传给另一个，转移”。
译文：正是在公立学校里我们感受到了社会知性的充分体现——向下一代传授知识、希望和恐惧。
②The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over
the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all
citizens, whatever their special conditions , deserve the opportunity to fully
develop their capabilities.
此句的主干是The great interest… indicates the strong feeling…，主语后是一个较长的修饰限制成分in
exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades。宾语the
strong feeling in our society后是that引导的同位语从句，其主语是all
citizens，谓语是deserve，在两者之间有插入成分whatever their special conditions进行补充说明。
译文：过去30年间公共教育表出现的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈情绪，即所有公民，不论情况怎么特殊，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。
③That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of
each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity,
whether that capacity be small or great.
此句的主句是破折号前的部分，破折号后是对主句宾语educational opportunity for all
children的进一步说明，中心词是the right，后面都是修饰限定成分。to the limits of意思是：达到……的极限，如：to the
limits of his strength。whether引导的从句省略了should, 是虚拟语气。
译文：这个概念暗示所有儿童都有接受教育的机会——即每个儿童，不管其本身的能力大小与否，都有权利在学习上最大限度地得到帮助。
④In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to
children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from
regular programs.
此句的主干是schools are
modifying…，后面adapting引导的分词结构做状语，其中又有两个并列的介词to结构，并且都含有定语从句，即：to children who和to
those who。
译文：作为回应，学校也调整课程安排，使授课能够适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要。
三、作答题目，理解文章含义
9.【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。该段第二句为了进一步说明第一句而打了个比方，把exceptional children 比喻成leading
actor，把their environment比做supporting players and the scenery of the
play。作者引用这个例子是为了从舞台主角的魅力离不开配角和场景的支持这一事实引出一个观点，也就是第三句：“特殊儿童所处的家庭和社会常常是他们成长和发展的关键”。A选项和这个思想吻合，为正确答案。
文章第一段指出特殊儿童与正常儿童相比有许多不同，但是并没有具体就某方面的不同进行比较，而B选项中出现了原文不存在的“家庭影响”比较，所以不对。C选项中的干扰词有key、exceptional
children和family and society，它们出现在该段第三句，但是C选项的含义与原文已大相径庭。D选项也出现了文中未有的“比较”。
weigh much heavier than意思为：比……分量重得多，比……重要得多。
注意：对于文中的比喻和类比，最重要的一点是弄清楚它们说明的对象。
10.【答案】C
【解析】事实细节题。第三段最后一句指出“公共教育对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明所有公民不管情况特殊与否，都应该有机会全面发展自己的能力”，言下之意就是，特殊儿童在教育上受关注是因为他们尽管不同于一般儿童，却有全面发展的权利。C选项与此意相同，是原文的合理改写。fully
develop their potentials与原文fully develop their capabilities同义。故C为正确答案。
A选项和B选项在原文中均未述及。D选项读起来似乎合理，但是实际上是答非所问，没有给出任何实在的原因。
11.【答案】D
【解析】主旨题。文章第一段为主题段，先引出话题“特殊儿童”，指出他们与同龄儿童相比有许多明显的不同之处;接着给出主旨句“为使特殊儿童的全部潜力得到开发，教育必须适应他们的不同需要”;在随后的段落里，作者主要通过阐述“人人都享有接受教育的平等机会”的观点，充分论证主题的合理性。因此D选项符合主题思想，是正确答案。
A选项中的对象是children，而非文中的exceptional
children。此外，本文并未说明儿童在学习能力方面存在哪些差异。B选项原文没有提及。C选项虽然在最后一段被简略提及，但是它是学校在“教育机会人人平等”的观念影响下的具体措施，不是全文的主要内容。
命题意图是要求考生找出文章的主旨句。
12.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。最后一段第四句recent count decision have confirmed the right of all
children—disabled or not—to an appropriate
education…说明特殊儿童接受适应其特点的教育的权利已经得到法律的保护。A选项符合此意。
该段第二句表明国家缔造者最初只提到法律面前人人平等，他们并未有论述教育平等的观念，因此C选项与原文不符。B选项与该段内容也不符。该段第一句和第二句表明“人人生来平等”的思想自建国就已提出，因此教育平等并不违背本国传统。D选项的时态为将来时，而原文的court
decision之事早已成为事实。二者时间不符。
四、翻译全文，再次巩固复习词汇和语法长难句
特殊儿童在一些重要的方面不同于其他同龄的孩子。对于这些孩子来说，要把他们全部的成熟的潜力开发出来，他们所受的教育就必须适应那些差异。
虽然我们关注的是特殊儿童的需要，但却发现我们也在描述他们的生活环境。当舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力后，我们也意识到配角及戏剧场景的重要性。特殊儿童所处的家庭及社会环境常常是他们成长和发展的关键。正是在公立学校里我们感受到了社会知性的充分体现——向下一代传授知识、希望和恐惧。
任何社会的教育都是反映该社会的一面镜子。在这面镜子里，我们可以看到优点、弱点、希望、偏见，以及文化本身的核心价值。过去30年间公共教育表现出的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈情绪，即所有公民，不论情况怎么特殊，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。
“人人生来平等”。这句话我们已听过无数次，但在民主社会它对教育仍然有着极其重要的寓意。尽管这句话被国家建立者们用来表示法律面前人人平等，它也被解释为机会面前人人平等。这个概念暗示了所有儿童都有接受教育的机会——即每个儿童，不管其本身的能力大小与否，都有权利在学习上最大限度地得到帮助。最近的法庭裁决已再次确定了所有儿童——不论残疾与否——都有接受适当的教育的权利，并已命令公立学校采取必要的措施来提供这种教育。作为回应，学校也在调整课程安排，使授课能够适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要。
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