2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1994年Text5
考研英语基础阶段的主要任务是攻克词汇和语法长难句。但是背单词是各位考生最为头疼的事情。与此同时，长难句由于缺乏语境也很难理解。在这个阶段，各位学子可以认真研读1994-2003年的真题，从真题中汲取营养，攻克词汇和语法长难句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能够将10年47篇文章做到精读，相信大家的词汇和语法长难句一定会有大的突破，并且为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1994年Text5
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to
come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander
Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold(霉)on a piece of
cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with
antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions
and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation
is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked
much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most
shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The
prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody
gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them
through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as
fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no
particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote
Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to
seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels
that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it
appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything.
Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on
the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for
alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be
more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
17. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first
paragraph?
A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
A person who has had no education.
An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
18. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from
non-innovators?
The variety of ideas they have. The intelligence they possess.
The way they deal with problems. The way they present their
findings.
19. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.
Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human
creativity
the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look
for new ways of doing things.
the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’ s point of view
the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously
presented
20. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the
passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.
diligent in pursuing their goals
reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
devoted to the progress of science
concerned about the advance of society
一、快速浏览选项，把握文章主题
根据题干中“innovators”, “non-innovators”,可知本文的主题一定与创新(者)有紧密关联。
二、精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句
词汇精解
(1)in blinding flashes在耀眼的光芒中，flash (n./v.)闪光;blind
(v.)使失明，蒙蔽，(a.)瞎的，盲目的
(2)experiment with用……做实验;experimental (a.)实验性的，试验性的
(3)laborious (a.)辛勤的，努力的
(4)block (v.)阻挡，封锁(n.)大块，街区，阻塞
(5)take the most shots at the goal射门次数量多;shot
(n.)(板球、网球、台球等中的)击球，(足球中的)踢，take/have a shot at goal射门
(6)abstraction (n.) 空想，幻想，抽象的东西
(7)proposition (n.)主张，建议，命题，陈述;propose (v.)建议，推荐，提名，求婚，proposal
(n.)建议，提案，求婚
(8)set out 出发，起程，制定
长难句精解
①Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold
on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.
句子的主干是Sir Alexander Fleming did not… look at… and get the idea…, 其中as
legend would have it 做插入成分。There and then (=then and there)意思是: 在当时当地，当场，立即。
译文：亚历山大·佛莱明爵士可不是像传说中的那样，看了一眼奶酪上的霉就立刻想到了发明青霉素。
②The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most
shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.
此句的主语是The point, is后紧跟that引导的表语从句，其主干是the players are the ones, the
players和the ones 后都是定语从句对其限制。and so it goes with…表明“此种情况也适应于……的情况”。
译文：问题在于得分最多者正是那些射门最多的球员，任何领域的创新亦如此。
③Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they
follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise.
注意影响该句理解的是follow through这一短语。它的意思是：坚持到底，贯彻始终。此外注意theirs,
them指代的都是ideas“想法”。
译文：每个人都有想法，但是创新者会自觉地钻研自己的想法，并且不断努力直到证明想法切实可行，或不可实现为止。
④"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no
particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote
Rudolph Flesch, a language authority
该句是一个直接引语，主干是“Creative thinking may mean the
realization…”，后面是一个同位语从句修饰realization，其中又有一个定语从句修饰the way, the
way前可视为省略了in，表示“以……的方式”。virtue的意思是“美德，道理”。
译文：“造创性的思维方式也许只不过意味着意识到以其一贯的方式去做事并不一定有什么道理”，语言专家鲁道夫写道。
⑤This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like
plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:
“How come nobody thought of that before?”
句子主干是This accounts for…。接着在innovations后用like引出例子，在例子后又用了定语从句进行修饰。此外，How
come意思是“……是怎么回事，为什么”。
译文：这解释了我们对塑料垃圾袋和带轮箱包之类看似简单却令生活更便利的发明的反应：“为什么以前没有人想到那个方法呢?”
⑥The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in
the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they
lead to dead ends.
句中的alternate courses后是which引导的非限定性定语从句。In the long run意思是：最终。
译文：创新者则探寻另外不同的道路，它们最终被证实更为简单、更为有趣、更富挑战性，即使有时也会失败。
三、作答题目，理解文章含义
17.【答案】A
【解析】词义句意题。untaught原意为“未受教育的，无知的”，理解它的确切含义要通过语境。第一段首句指出具有untaught
mind这类人的想法：discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught
minds”to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic
accidents他们认为发明创造是灵感或戏剧性事件的产物;继而第二句以青霉素发明者弗莱明爵士为例，对首句进行反驳，从而说明科技发明的取得都是经过长期的艰苦实验，从失败走向成功的。由此推断，只有那些不明真相、不知其艰辛的人才会把发明创造想像为灵感或戏剧性事件的产物，因此A为正确答案。
B选项内容与第一段无关。C选项只说出untaught mind
的字面意思，文中提到的这类人未必没有知识，没有文化。D选项本身存在理解上的错误。原文是说“untaught
mind这类人以为发明总是由于偶然原因被创造出来”，并不是指“他们自己由于某种偶然原因创造出新想法”。
Come up with意思是：产生，发现(解决办法、方案)。例如：For years Jones Kept working hard, coming
up with new and good ideas. 几年来琼斯一直努力工作，总是提出新的见解。
注意：一般词语释义考的都是文中的具体含义，而不一定是它的本来意思。
18.【答案】C
【解析】事实细节题。第二段第二句指出“创新者与普通人的主要区别是对待事物的方法不同”，这是approach意为：(处理问题的)方法、态度，与way
同义。接着后面的文章详细阐述这两类人在看待和处理问题方面的差异。故C选项最为贴切。
本题也可以采取排除法。A选项和B选项都不是文中强调的特点。而D选项在文中未提及，故都不是正确答案。
19.【答案】B
【解析】事实细节题。第三段引用的引言意为“创造性思维往往只起源于一种认识：做事情的传统的方法未必是好的”。根据常识，引言一般旨在借名家之口增强说服力。作者引用Flesch的话当然是为了支持自己的观点：有创造力的人经常探索做事的新方法。由此可知，B选项为正确答案。
A选项无法得知，因为文中只提到他是一位语言权威(language
authority)，即使A所述正确，也不是作者引用其言的目的。C选项也无法支持文章的主旨。D选项不对，其实Flesch的话与作者的看法是一致的，并未添加新的观点和思想。
注意：同举例一样，引用其他人的观点，无论是正面引述还是反面引述，都是为了说明文章的主旨或主题，否则引述就没有必要了。
20.【答案】B
【解析】词义句意题。此短语被作者放在全文的结束句，自成一段，是对全文中心思想的精辟概括，因此必须联系全文的中心思想去理解。march to a
different drummer是一个比喻，
drummer意为“鼓手”，to是介词，意为“伴着”，整个词组的意思是：伴着一个不同的鼓手敲出的节奏(鼓点)前进。按一个鼓点前进显单调，这里意味着“不随波逐流，与其他人所走的道路或所持的思路不同”。这是对文章主旨的一个形象总结。而B选项正合此意。
A强调的是毅力;C、D选项强调的是社会责任心，都与原文主旨不符。注意：march to a different
drummer为美语习惯用法，意为“独树一帜、标新立异”。
四、 翻译全文，再次巩固复习词汇和语法长难句
“无知者”认为科学技术上的发明创造来自灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性的事件。亚历山大·弗莱明爵士可不像传说中的那样，看了一眼奶酪上的霉就立刻想到了青霉素的发明。他是对抗菌物质进行了长达九年的实验才有了这项发明的。发明及创新几乎都来自于反复尝试和失败。创新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会，其射门被挡住的机会大大多于进球的机会。
问题在于得分最多者正是那些射门最多的球员，任何领域的创新亦如此。创新者与其他人的主要区别在于处理问题的方法。每个人都有想法，但是创新者会自觉地钻研自己的想法，并且不断努力直到证明想法切实可行，或不可实现为止。普通人视为凭空想像的抽象概念在职业创新者眼里却具有充分的可能性。
“造创性的思维方式也许只不过意味着意识到以其一贯的方式去做事并不一定有什么道理”，语言专家鲁道夫写道。这解释了我们对塑料垃圾袋和带轮箱包之类看似简单却令生活更便利的发明的反应：“为什么以前没有人想到那个方法呢?”
创造性方法始于“一切不可貌相”的主张。创新者不会接受办事只有一种方法的事实。面对从A到B，普通人会自动踏上一条最为人熟悉、显然最简单的路径。创新者则探寻另外不同的道路，它们最终被证实更为简单、更为有趣、更富挑战性，即使有时也会失败。
极富创造性的人的确是标新立异的。
页:
[1]