2015年考研英语阅读精选：fingernails
考研英语阅读所占分值高，比重大，是考生赢取高分必要攻克的一大题型。而要提高阅读能力，多练习多积累是必要途径。新东方在线小编汇总整合了一些列精选文章，希望考生勤加阅读，不断提升自己的阅读速度和理解能力。》》点击进入2015考研英语备考专题2015年考研英语阅读精选：fingernails
There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical
issues, though many may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr. Amy
Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University.
Here are eight of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on
your fingernails.
People with emphysema and other lung problems frequently develop what's
known as "clubbed" nails, according to Derick. When this happens, the fingertips
become rounder and the curve of the nail changes, developing a steeper up and
down pitch.
Small little pits or indentations can be a sign of arthritis, psoriatic
arthritis, or eczema, according to Dr. Doris Day, a professor of dermatology at
New York University. Arthritis affects the joints and can be related to
psoriasis, which, like eczema, affects the skin.
People who aren't eating well and have vitamin or dietary deficiencies may
have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break, according to
Day.
Horizontal lines, also known as Beau's lines, are associated with serious
physical stress. They look like an indented line across the nail, and frequently
occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy, according to Day. They can
also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment.
Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too. They've also been found
in people who dove 1000 feet and others who participated in an Everest
expedition.
Vertical lines, however, are generally not such a big deal. Some people are
more genetically prone to them than others, but they're commonly associated with
aging. Occasionally they may appear in malnourished people.
When people are iron-deficient, their nails can turn spoon-like, according
to Derick. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they'll
start to rise up on the sides and front, going from the normal convex shape to a
more concave shape, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.
Kidney and liver problems can create "half-and-half nails," where one part
of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick.
Kidney and liver problems frequently cause discoloration that shows up in nails
and skin.
A nail that lifts up out of the nail bed can also indicate kidney or
thyroid issues, says Derick. Many thyroid problems and autoimmune diseases like
Graves or lupus create complications that dermatologists notice while examining
patients.
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