考研英语阅读篇章:母狼的死亡威胁种群生存
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When a breeding wolf dies, its sex and the size of its pack can determine
whether that pack continues, according to research published July online by the
Journal of Animal Ecology. In 2012, biologists at Denali National Park and
Preserve noted a drop in wolf sightings following the death of a breeding female
from a pack that lived along the Denali Park Road. This was one of several
instances where the death of an individual wolf from legal trapping or hunting
sparked widespread attention in recent years.
"This isn't the first time we have noticed that the loss of a breeding wolf
can affect the fate of the pack. We thought it would be valuable to
systematically look at what happens to the pack and population following the
death of a breeder," said author Bridget Borg, a University of Alaska Fairbanks
biology graduate student and National Park Service biologist.
Borg's research looked at changes in wolf pack fate, reproduction and
population growth following the death of breeders.
"Given the park's current low wolf densities and small average pack sizes,
we are concerned about harvest of wolves from packs that reside primarily within
the park," said Don Striker, Superintendent of Denali National Park and
Preserve. "The death of a breeding wolf could harm the packs that provide the
greatest opportunities for park visitors to see a wolf in the wild, either
through a lack of reproduction or the loss of the entire pack."
Gray wolves typically live in packs consisting of the parents and their
offspring from one or more years. Turnover among young members of a pack is
common as they leave to search for mates and start packs of their own. Breeding
members typically spend more time in the pack and act as "social glue."
Borg and other park researchers and collaborators from UAF and the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game examined data collected on 70 packs during a
long-term study of wolves in Denali National Park and Preserve. They found that
although breeder death preceded or coincided with 77 percent of the cases where
packs were no longer found, the death of a breeding individual did not always
lead to the end of a pack. In about two out of three cases where a breeder died,
the pack continued.
"It appears that the sex of the breeder that was lost and the size of the
pack prior to that loss were important factors explaining pack fate following
the death of a breeder," Borg said. "The probability of a pack continuing was
less if a female died or if the pack was small prior to the death."
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