2015考研英语阅读模拟习题 (2)
以下资料供同学作为同步练习与检测，适度的当地习题演练对阅读整体水平的提高起到至关重要的作用。Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following four
texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text1
We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular
society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn
between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex
is not so easy to pin down， and that definitions evolve in accordance with
different types of culture known to us， that is， scientific discoveries and
ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable， either
socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century， the
substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the
roles， responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex， and
yet， scarcely twenty years ago， these were thought to be “beyond dispute”。
We can safely say， with a few minor exceptions， that the definition of the
sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the
beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction， raised in some
cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model，
lasted throughout this period， appealing for its justification to nature，
religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman
bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world
and was responsible for the survival of his family， by satisfying their needs in
peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the
divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen
as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against
nature， a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the
“place”appropriate to each. Women's place was， first and foremost， in the home.
The outside world， i.e. workshops， factories and business firms， belonged to
men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a
strict dichotomy between the attitudes， which conferred on each its special
identity. The woman， sequestered at home， “cared， nurtured and conserved”。 To do
this， she had no need to be daring， ambitious， tough or competitive. The man， on
the other hand， competing with his fellow men， was caught up every day in the
struggle for survival， and hence developed those characteristics which were
thought natural in a man. Today， many women go out to work， and their reasons
for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial
incentives， we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the
most favorable circumstances， and the wish to have a social life and to get out
of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all， for all women， work
is invariably connected with the desire for independence. (454 words)
Notes： pin down
把…讲明确;确定。immutable不可改变的。dualism双重论。divergence分歧，偏离。overlapping部分巧合、一致。
time-honored 由来已久的。dichotomy 一分为二，对立。sequester使隔离。be caught up in 被缠住于，如：He is
caught up in the trivia (琐事) of everyday things. unduly过度地，不恰当地。
21. It is only in recent years that we have recognized that
there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.
the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.
the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of
culture.
the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of
sexes.
22. From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to
embark on a career because
the change in sex roles is out of the question.
women's lib has been going on for many years.
ideas about the roles of women have been changing.
the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women's roles.
23. The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the
1960s was
preferable.
prevalent.
presumable.
precedent.
24. According to the fourth paragraph， the author seems to think that
female passivity is natural.
men and women are physically identical.
men are born competitive and aggressive.
some different sex identity is acquired.
25. According to the author， which of the following is the most important
reason for women to go to work?
Wish to claim their rights and freedom.
Ambition and self-fulfillment.
Financial incentives.
Desire for a social life.
Text2
The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous
and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the
higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked
increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel
strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of
plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory.
Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market
and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole， consumer and
business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions. The bases of
the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and
fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover， the restoration of sounder
liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had
also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition， the economic
policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business
outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more
effective control. Finally， of course， the economy was able to grow as
vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and
machines. The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply.
Nevertheless， by any other test， the deficit remained very large， and there was
actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit，
almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance
proved disappointing， there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed
impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our
trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit，
however， the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective
measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the
United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our
external balance. The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead—and
indeed for the longer run—remained a familiar one： to strike the right balance
between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures.
With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth， and with the currency
crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally，
the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three
program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless
productivity growth is unexpectedly large， however， the expansion of real output
must eventually begin to slow down to the economy's larger run growth potential
if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. (449 words)
Notes： inventory 存货。East-West tensions 东西方紧张局势。fiscal
(与国库的钱有关的)财务的(常指税收)。liquidity 周转率，清偿力。leeway 余地。given 鉴于，由于。the Phase Three
program 第三阶段计划。
26. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph
in order to show
the continuing expansion of the economy.
the growth of consumer purchasing power.
the consumers'confidence in the economy.
the soaring consumer incomes for spending.
27. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with
the revival of stronger liquidity positions.
the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies.
the causes of business development for the period.
economic policy measures suggested by the President.
28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author's attitude
toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems
bitter-sweet.
optimistic.
sympathetic
depressing.
29. Part of the public policy task， as outlined in the text， is to
prevent payments deficit.
avoid inflationary pressures.
devalue the dollar.
increase the balance of trade.
30. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program
contained
reduced government spending.
devaluation of the dollar.
productivity measures.
wage and price controls.
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