考研英语阅读理解专项练习014
新东方在线汇集整理了2013年考研英语阅读理解专项练习供考生参考，希望对参加2014考研的同学有所帮助，了解更多复习资料请持续关注新东方考研频道!TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects-agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen-ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.
NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."
GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It’slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide."
Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.
Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.
Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension."
Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat________.
doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain
itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives
theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide
patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?
Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.
Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.
TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.
Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.
AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.
prolongedmedicalprocedures
inadequatetreatmentofpain
systematicdrugabuse
insufficienthospitalcare
Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"aggressive"(line1,paragraph7)?
Bold.
Harmful.
Careless.
Desperate.
GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey________.
managetheirpatientsincompetently
givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded
reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients
prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients
页:
[1]