2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 17）
考研英语翻译注重考生的词汇、语法、逻辑和行文组织能力，同样也注重考生的知识面广度和深度。要想提高翻译能力不能纸上谈兵，最重要的还是要多练多总结。新东方在线小编分享翻译练习篇章及全译文解析，希望大家认真做题和理解。2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 17）
2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 17）译文+解析
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors
are formed.It is not easy to explain why oneperson is intelligent and another is
not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of
questions.(61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and
exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct
schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect，the two
approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often
conveniently referred to as“nature vs.nurture”.
(62)Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our
personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological
factors.(63)That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our
abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an
extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great
degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Those who support the“nurture”theory，that is，they advocate education，are
often called behaviorists.They claim that our environment is more important than
our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A
behaviorist，B.F.Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost
completely shaped by their surroundings.(64)The behaviorists maintain that，like
machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their
behavior.
Let us examine the different explanations about one human
characteristic，intelligence，offered by the two theories.(65)Supporters of
the“nature”theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning
that is biologically determined.Needless to say，they don’t believe that factors
in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined
characteristic.On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels
are the product of our experiences.(66)Behaviorists suggest that the child who
is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli whichdevelop his or her
capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual
development.
The social and political implications of these two theories are
profound.(67)In the United States，blacks often score below whites on
standardized intelligence tests.This leads some“nature”proponents to conclude
that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.(68)Behaviorists，in contrast，say
that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of
many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites
enjoy.
Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human
behavior.
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