2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 8）
考研英语翻译注重考生的词汇、语法、逻辑和行文组织能力，同样也注重考生的知识面广度和深度。要想提高翻译能力不能纸上谈兵，最重要的还是要多练多总结。新东方在线小编分享翻译练习篇章及全译文解析，希望大家认真做题和理解。2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 8）
(71)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are
historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the
attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the
web of its own time and place，each generation of historians determines anew what
is significant for it in the past.In this search the evidence found is always
incomplete and scattered;it is also frequently partial or partisan.The irony of
the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts
are but contributions to an unending process.
(72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external
challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from
internal quarrels among historians themselves.While history once revered its
affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to
afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding
approaches to an understanding of the past.Social science methodologies had to
be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather
than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
(73)During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by
additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the
historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical
profession.
(74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts
peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate
to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians，especially those so
blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of“tunnel
method，”frequently fall victim to the“technicist fallacy.”Also common in the
natural sciences，the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as
a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
(75)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only
the external and internal criticism of sources.And to social science historians
who equate their activity with specific techniques.
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