计算机考研之计算机系统知识讲义<br />
1.1计算机系统结构计算机的发展历史：
1946年，世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC出现，之后经历了5个发展阶段：
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冯式结构计算机的组成部分：存储器、运算器、控制器、输入设备和输出设备。
强化的概念：
计算机的工作过程：一般是由用户使用各种编程语言把所需要完成的任务以程序的形式提交给计算机，然后翻译成计算机能直接执行的机器语言程序，在计算机上运行。
计算机系统可以由下面的模型表示：
http://kaoyan.koolearn.com/image/png;base64,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
计算机系统结构（computer architecture）：指机器语言级机器（物理机器）的系统结构，它主要研究软件、硬件功能分配，确定软件、硬件界面（机器级界面），即从机器语言程序员或编译程序设计者的角度所看到的机器物理系统的抽象。
计算机组成（computer organization）：是指计算机系统的逻辑实现，包括机器内部数据چ��"http://kaoyan.koolearn.com/zhuanshuo/mt/" target="_blank">mtYHlkozmjqfliLbmtYHnmoTnu4TmiJDku6Xlj4rpgLvovpHorr7orqHnrYnvvIzlhbbnm67moIfmmK/lkIjnkIbnmoTmiorlkITnp43pg6jku7bjgIHorr7lpIfnu4TmiJDorqHnrpfmnLrvvIzku6Xlrp7njrDnibnlrprnmoTns7vnu5/nu5PmnoTvvIzlkIzml7bmu6HotrPmiYDluIzmnJvovr7liLDnmoTmgKfog73ku7fmoLzmr5TjgII8YnIgLz48YnIgLz4mbmJzcDsmbmJzcDsmbmJzcDsmbmJzcDsg6K6h566X5py65a6e546w77yIY29tcHV0ZXIgaW1wbGVtZW50YXRpb27vvInmmK/mjIforqHnrpfmnLrnu4TmiJDnmoTniannkIblrp7njrDjgII8YnIgLz48YnIgLz48YnIgLz4gPGJyIC8+IDxiciAvPjxkaXYgY2xhc3M9"down">附件：计算机考研之计算机系统知识讲义
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