考研翻译模拟试题:甘地的和平主义
Gandhi’spacifismcanbeseparatedtosomeextentfromhisotherteachings.(46)Itsmotivewasreligious,butheclaimedalsoforitthatitwasadefinitetechnique,amethod,capableofproducingdesiredpoliticalresults.Gandhi’sattitudewasnotthatofmostWesternpacifists.Satyagraha,(47)themethodGandhiproposedandpracticed,firstevolvedinSouthAfrica,wasasortofnonviolentwarfare,awayofdefeatingtheenemywithouthurtinghimandwithoutfeelingorarousinghatred.Itentailedsuchthingsascivildisobedience,strikes,lyingdowninfrontofrailwaytrains,enduringpolicechargeswithoutrunningawayandwithouthittingback,andthelike.Gandhiobjectedto“passiveresistance”asatranslationofSatyagraha:inGujuruti,itseemsthewordmeans“firmnessinthetruth.”(48)InhisearlydaysGandhiservedasastretcher-bearerontheBritishsideintheBoerWar,andhewaspreparedtodothesameagaininthewarof1914-1918.Evenafterhehadcompletelyrenouncedviolencehewashonestenoughtoseethatinwaritisusuallynecessarytotakesides.Sincehiswholepoliticallifecentredroundastrugglefornationalindependence,hecouldnotand,(49)indeed,hedidnottakethefruitlessanddishonestlineofpretendingthatineverywarbothsidesareexactlythesameanditmakesnodifferencewhowins.Nordidhe,likemostWesternpacifists,specializeinavoidingawkwardquestions.Inrelationtothewar,onequestionthateverypacifisthadaclearobligationtoansweris:“WhatabouttheJews?Areyoupreparedtoseethemexterminated?”(50)ImustsaythatIhaveneverheard,fromanyWesternpacifist,anhonestanswertothisquestion,thoughIhaveheardplentyofevasions,usuallyofthe“you’reanother”type.ButitsohappensthatGandhiwasaskedasomewhatsimilarquestionin1938andhisanswerwasonrecordinMr.LouisFisher’sGandhiandStalin.AccordingtoMr.Fisher,Gandhi’sviewwasthattheGermanJewsoughttocommitcollectivesuicide,which“wouldhavearousedtheworldandthepeopleofGermanytoHitler’sviolence.”答案
46.其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种明显的技巧,一种方法,它可以产生预期的政治效果。
47.这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法,最早起源于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方式,用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。
48.早年间,在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。
49.而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度,假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样,因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。
50.我必须说,我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复,但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词,通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。
总体分析
本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处:首先,他虽然反对暴力,但并不否认战争的立场;其次,他不躲避回答棘手的问题。
本文考查的知识点:后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句等。
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