新东方考研语法讲堂12
1）表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lose, fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：×He has come here for 2 weeks.
×The old man has died for 4 months.
×They have left only for 5 minutes.
以上三句话可以改为：
It’s two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.
It’s 4 months since the old man died.
They have been away only for 5 minutes
2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
3）现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
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