2011年研究生入学考试mba英语真题
历年真题是考研复习的重要参考资料，每一位考生都需要把真题多研究几遍，有助于大家了解考试题型、结构，提前做好时间 分配，也有助于考生通过真题了解知识点的考察方向。为此，新东方在线小编和大家分享mba考研历年英语真题及答案，希望考生认真分析研究。下面是20011年研究生入学考试mba英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black
and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and
freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of
cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.
Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that
seems increasingly 3 ?
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal
government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity”
system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a
photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or
a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a
range of online services.
The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User
could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have
been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one
that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single
sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many
different services.
12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe
“neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13
community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals
and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the
identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the
transaction runs”.
Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some
applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is
an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s
license” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,
who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still
leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20
to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be
licensed to drive on public roads.
1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden
2. A.for B.within C.while D.though
3. A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless
4. A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal
5. A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent
6. A.by B.into C.from D.over
7. A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared
8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve
9. A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize
10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered
11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in
12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast
13. A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving D.competing
14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience
15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across
16. A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united
17. A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually
18. A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm
19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible
20. A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)
Text 1
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January
2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the
decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But
by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s
compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass
unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The
position was just taking up too much time, she said.
Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased,
advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations
elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief
executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside
directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own
crises.
The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than
10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.
Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the
next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers
concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of
70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company
will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The
likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and
the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger
firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad
performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are
always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier,
smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of
avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news
breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any
wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through
tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will
follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.
21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .
gaining excessive profits
failing to fulfill her duty
refusing to make compromises
leaving the board in tough times
22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be
.
generous investors
unbiased executives
share price forecasters
independent advisers
23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside
director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .
become more stable
report increased earnings
do less well in the stock market
perform worse in lawsuits
24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .
may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
will decline incentives from the firm
25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .
permissive
positive
scornful
critical
Text 2
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed
near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had
not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle
were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a
round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable
corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting
soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.
In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian
papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit
the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often
returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years
ago, but profit all the same.
It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists
overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom
jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some
papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these
desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists,
they can be pushed further.
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of
revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly
unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from
advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation
& Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly,
Japanese newspapers are much more stable.
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of
the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive.
Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business
reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less
complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper
business.
26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the
author indicates that newspaper .
neglected the sign of crisis
failed to get state subsidies
were not charitable corporations
were in a desperate situation
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because
.
readers threatened to pay less
newspapers wanted to reduce costs
journalists reported little about these areas
subscribers complained about slimmer products
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much
more stable because they .
have more sources of revenue
have more balanced newsrooms
are less dependent on advertising
are less affected by readership
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current
newspaper business?
Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.
Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.
Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.
Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
Text 3
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a
time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions,
going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage
bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a
belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war,
Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with
the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively
stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient
living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German,
the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with
the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War
II
and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to
exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more
so that Mies.
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has
more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.
Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated
wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized
the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he
designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore
Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than
those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were
popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the
elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent
of the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd
Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200
square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and
the early 20th century.
The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by
California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet
another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came
from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study
House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though
most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was
both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’
.
prosperity and growth
efficiency and practicality
restraint and confidence
pride and faithfulness
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about
Bauhaus?
It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
Most American architects used to be associated with it.
It had a great influence upon American architecture.
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .
was related to large space
was identified with emptiness
was not reliant on abundant decoration
was not associated with efficiency
34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore
Drive?
They ignored details and proportions.
They were built with materials popular at that time.
They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?
Mechanical devices were widely used.
Natural scenes were taken into consideration
Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
Eco-friendly materials were employed.
Text 4
Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange
not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent
facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its
economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost
faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge
thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies
uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from
disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers,
France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro
zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending
and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do
not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and
EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU
ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all
27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market
liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small
majority favour French interference.
A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European
economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that
means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution
from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through
common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the
France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal
and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or
labour costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading
block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a
single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more
open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an
ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make
capitalism benign.
36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .
it has more or less lost faith in markets
even its supporters begin to feel concerned
some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant
powers .
are competing for the leading position
are busy handling their own crises
fail to reach an agreement on harmonization
disagree on the steps towards disintegration
38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .
EU funds for poor regions be increased
stricter regulations be imposed
only core members be involved in economic co-ordination
voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.
poor countries are more likely to get funds
strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
loans will be readily available to rich countries
rich countries will basically control Eurobonds
40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.
pessimistic
desperate
conceited
hopeful
Part B
Directions:(7选5)
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
(41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the
numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the
gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth
coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also
stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit
to lure young customers, Stephenson said.
Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,
said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,
and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”
He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around school and
hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.
A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision
for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live
longer. This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built
on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish
a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”
The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such
radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have
been deployed against smoking over the last decade.
“fat taxes” should be imposed on fast-food producers such as
McDonald’s.
41.Andrew Lansley held that the government should ban fast-food outlets
in the neighborhood of schools.
42.Terence Stephenson agreed
that “lecturing” was an effective way to improve school lunches in
England.
43.Jamie Oliver seemed to
believe that cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children
about the dangers of a poor diet.
44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that the producers of crisps and candies
could contribute significantly to the
Change4Life campaign.
45.A Department of Health
Spokesperson propsed that parents should set good examples for their
children by keeping a healthy diet
at home.
the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among
businesses.
46.Direction：
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese,
write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the
same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of
all CO2 emissions?
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google
search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts
are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly,
then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with
powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers
emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which
uses even more energy.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency
closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to
reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions:
1. Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.
Write him/her a letter to
1) congratulate him/her, and
2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”
instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
2. write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you
should:
1)interpret the chart and
2)give your comments
you should write at least 150 wrods
write your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)
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