2016考研英语核心词汇深度解析（2）
考研英语词汇记忆是基础也是关键，单词记不好，强化翻译阅读写作的时候都有难度，所以大家要抓紧。且背单词不能靠死记，也不能只是单一的背一个中文意思，词汇的用法、搭配、派生甚至是同义替换等最好都要看看，否则，然并卵。下面，新东方在线就为大家挑选一些比较核心的词汇重点讲解，希望考生能够日积月累，真正灵活的把握和应用每一个词汇。2016考研英语核心词汇深度解析（2）
variable
a.易变的，可变的;变量的 n.变量
【例】Charcoal here implies a component with variable properties, not a
specific chemical.木炭是一种具有可变性质而不是特定性质的化学药品。
【构词】vari(改变)+-able→能改变的→可变的
【同义替换】changeable, mobile, unstable, liquid
【真题】Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the
researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of
computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating
to people’s ability to influence others an their tendency to be influenced.
基于人际影响的基本事实，研究人员通过成千上万的计算机模拟来研究人群的动态关系，掌握了一系列与人们影响他人的能力和受他人影响的可能性相关的变量。
ritual
a.宗教仪式的，典礼的 n.(宗教)仪式，典礼
【例】It tends to assume the form of a pagan religious ceremony, adapting
itself to forms and the ritual of the local
church.它则趋向采取一种异教徒的宗教礼仪形式，并且使其适应于地方教堂的各种礼节和仪式。
【同义替换】ceremony, tradition, convention
【真题】They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a
people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify
children’s entrance into adulthood.
他们也关注一些看似保持以人为本的社会结构的重要仪式，比如说象征儿童正式进入成人期的启蒙仪式。
entitle
v.给以权利(或资格);给……称号(题名);授权
【例】You are not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never
worked.从未参加过工作，就没有资格领取失业救济金。
【构词】en-+title(题目，标题)→提名
【同义替换】empower, grant, authorize, confer
【派生】entitled a.有资格的 entitlement n.权利
【真题】Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and , if its
stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
然而，这些生物是生物群落的成员，倘若生物群落的完整性决定其稳定性，那么它们才有权利持续下去。
essential
a.本质的，基本的;净化的 n.本质;要素
【例】Both induction and deduction are essential characteristics of rational
thinking.归纳与推论都是理性思维的重要特征。
【派生】essentially ad.本质上;基本上
【构词】ess(存在)+-ential(形容词后缀)→赖以存在的→本质的
【真题】If er intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a
shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an
essential for any for any type of meal to be served.
如果我们想请朋友吃饭 ，我们得设计菜单，做一张购物单，决定先做什么食物，这些计划对任何情况下的请客都是必须的。
peculiar
a.古怪的，异常的;特殊的，特有的
【例】The artificial earth satellites occupy a peculiar intermediate position
between science and technology.人造地球卫星在科学和技术之间占有一个独特的中介地位。
【同义替换】bizarre, odd, eccentric, characteristic, special
【派生】peculiarity n.独特性，特质，怪癖 peculiarly ad.古怪地，怪癖地，异常地
【真题】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which
they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and
fancies.
而且，人类有能力去改变他们所生存的环境，从而使所有其他的生物服从于他们奇怪的想法和幻想。
mutual
a.相互的，彼此的;共同的，共有的
【例】The ever-growing exchange in the cultural field has promoted the mutual
learning between Asian and European cultures.文化领域交往的不断发展，促进了亚欧文明的相互学习。
【同义替换】reciprocal, common, collective
【派生】mutually ad.相互地;共同地
【真题】Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because
it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998
decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of
pooling mutual-fund assets.
对商业方法专利申请的限制将会是一个戏剧性的转变，因为这一专利权正是联邦巡回法院在1998年时判决所谓的“美国道富银行”案件时引入的，该判决支持集资共有基金资产的方式。
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