翻译硕士考研必备：MTI翻译基础短语翻译（四）
公平竞争fair competition
公共监查
public oversight
公共汽车候车亭 bus shelter
公共文化基础设施
culture-related facilities for public use
公开或变相涨价
to raise prices openly or in convert forms
公勺（多人吃饭时公用的） service spoon
公司犯罪
corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing / misconduct
共同关心的问题
issue of common concern
共同基金 mutual funds
公务车
state-financed vehicle (The Beijing municipal government is trying to set an example on curbing pollution and energy consumption by imposing a traffic restriction on
State-financed vehicles. 为减少污染，降低能耗，北京市政府开始倡导减少公务车出行。)
公务员考试
civil service exam (About 1m candidates have applied for the 2009 national civil service exam, an increase of 25% over this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has said. 据人力资源和社会保障部统计，约百万人已报名参加2009年国家公务员考试，比2008年报考人数增长了25%。)
公益大使
charity ambassador (Neither Liu Xiang nor the Athletics Administrative Center will lodge a claim for compensation with China Ping An Insurance which gave Liu an RMB100m
accident insurance policy Liu last October, in accordance with the insurance contract and mutual understanding of relevant articles therein, the Center said Wednesday. Ping An said Liu Xiang will continue to act as the company's charity ambassador. 2007年10月，中国平安向刘翔赠亿元意外保险保单。国家体育总局田径运动管理中心今日表示，基于双方前期达成的保险合同及对相关条款的理解, 国家体育总局田径运动管理中心及刘翔本人不打算对中国平安提出索赔。中国平安将邀请刘翔继续担任公司公益大使。)
公益文化活动
nonprofit cultural programs
公有制
public ownership
公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度
the basic economic system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side
公众听证会 public hearings
工资正常增长机制
a mechanism for regular pay increases
狗流感
Dog flu (A dog flu virus is going around the US and has now been found in 30 states. 一种狗流感正在美国悄然蔓延，目前已有30个州发现了这种病毒。)
购买力
purchasing power
购买力平价
purchasing power parity (China next year will measure its gross domestic product (GDP) using purchasing power parity (PPP), an internationally accepted methodology,
Beijing-based financial news portal Caing.com reported Monday. 据财经资讯门户网站财新网周一报道，明年中国将通过购买力平价这一国际通用的方法来换算国内生产总值。)
购买欲
desire to buy; desire to purchase
狗腿子
henchman; lackey; hired thug
购物车
shopping trolley
购物券 coupon
构想
conceptualization
狗仔队
"dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)"
购物指南
shopping guide, shoppers' guide, buyers' guide
股本
share capital
股本回报率
return on equity
股本金
equity capital
固定电话运营商
fixed-line telecom carrier
固定电话初装费
installation fees for fixed-line telephones
固定资产投资
investment in the fixed assets; fixed asset investment
股东会
board of shareholders
股份公司
joint-stock company
股份合作制
shareholding cooperative system
有限责任公司
limited liability company
股份有限公司
limited liability company
股份制
shareholding system; joint-stock system
骨干企业
key enterprise
鼓励奖
consolation prize
股民 investor
股票期权
the stock option
股票转让制度
the stock-transfer system
股市行情
the ups and downs of the stock market
股指
stock index
古装剧
costume drama (Producers remaking the popular TV hit A Dream of Red Mansions have splashed out 200 million yuan ($29 million)
刮鼻子
criticize; reprimand
挂靠
be attached or affiliated to; be subordinate to
挂靠户
an adjunct organization
挂牌开业
hang out one's shingle; put one's name plate in (a certain street)
挂失
report the loss. (I'd like to report the loss of my credit card and cancel it. 我要办理信用卡挂失并取消那张卡。)
挂职
1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself); 2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit
挂职下放
transfer to lower units with one's post retained
拐点
turning point (Since financial markets have been stable during the past 6 weeks, and economic growth is unlikely to fall further than the 4th quarter, the first half of this year could well be the turning point. 由于在过去6周内金融市场走势平稳，经济增长不太可能继去年第4季度后继续下滑，今年上半年市场将出现拐点。)
关闭效应
blackout effect
观潮派
those who take a wait-and-see attitude; fence-straddler
官方网站official website
观光电梯
sightseeing (tourist) lift
关键词过滤
keyword infiltration (The provincial official also stressed that the operation of its screen system is based on keyword infiltration and not all text messages are actually checked. 广东省官员还强调称，短信过滤系统采取的是关键词过滤的办法，而不是对公民的每条短信都去查看。)
关联交易
connected transaction
关贸总协定(世界贸易组织的前身)
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
关门态度
closed-door attitude
官商
state-operated commerce
关税壁垒
customs barrier; tariff wall
关税配额tariff quota
关停并转
close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift to different line of production; rationalize
观望态度
wait-and-see attitude
关系网
connection network; relationship network
关于进一步加强农村教育工作的决定
Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Education
冠状病毒 corona virus
广播电视大学
radio and television university
光碟，光盘
compact disk; CD 广而告之
publicize widely
广告词jingle
广告代理行
advertising agent
广告电话直销
direct response advertising
广告画 poster
广告妙语
attention-getter
广告人
advertising man; adman
广告宣传车
loudspeaker van; sound truck
光谷
optical valley
光棍儿节
Singles’ Day. Every year at 11:11pm on November 11, fun-seeking male college students will have rowdy parties by screaming out their desire to find a girlfriend and use whatever is available to make big noises. The timing, consisting of eight Arabic number of 1, is deliberately selected to personify many single people.
光棍节
Singles' Day (China is probably the only country in the world that has set aside a special day - Singles' Day, which falls on November 11 every year. 中国可能是世界上唯一拥有"光棍节"的国家，该节日被定在每年的11月11日。) 光机电一体化
"optical, mechanical and electronic integration"
广交会
The China Export Commodities Fair
广开财路
make full use of all talents
广开就业门路
create more employment opportunities
光缆
optic cable 光盘杂志
CD-ROM magazine
光通信
photo-communication; optical communication
光污染
light pollution (The provincial capital of South China's Guangdong province is expected to take the lead in collecting light pollution fees in the country. 据悉，中国南部广东省省会广州市将率先在全国开征光污染排污费。)
广域网
wide area network (WAN)
广种薄收
extensive cultivation; wide sowing but meager harvest―a method of cultivation: the cultivated area is large but the per area yield is relatively low
钢管舞
Pole dancing (Pole dancing's popularity in France can be testified by hot sales of poles. 法国人目前对学跳钢管舞乐此不疲，从所用钢管热销，就可证明其在法国发烧的程度。) （手机）
关机 power off
管理办法
measures for administration
管理规定
provisions on administration
管理条例
regulations on administration
官煤勾结
government officials in cahoots with coalmine operators; government officials act in collusion with coalmine operators
冠名
title sponsorship
冠名赞助商title sponsor
股权分置改革
state share sale reform; equity division reform; split-share reform
关税下调
tariff reduction
关系户
closely-related units
《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》
Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents
刮痧
Holographic Meridian Scraping Therapy (Guasha)
固定电话
fixed-line telephone
固定汇率
fixed exchange rate
股份制改造
shareholding reform
规避
circumvention
轨道站
orbit station
规范分配秩序
Rationalize the relations of income distribution
规范民办教育
standardize non-government funded schools
归国留学生
returned students
归口管理
put under centralized management by specialized departments; centralized management by specified departments
规模经济
scale economy, economies of scale
规模经营
scale management
规模效益 scale merit
归侨
returned overseas Chinese
皈依三宝
become a Buddhist
柜族
cupboard tribe (Dubbed online as the "cupboard tribe," the old man said he wishes to rent a room for himself but the cost in Changsha, where the rent for a single room is around 400 yuan ($60) a month, is far beyond what he can afford. 这位老人被网友称为“柜族”。老人说他希望在长沙租一个房子，但是长沙的房租太贵，一个房间每月约400元，他负担不起。)
轨道舱
orbital module
鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济
encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy
棍棒教育
stick parenting (Following the roars of a "tiger mom", a "wolf dad" stirred controversy again on "stick parenting." 继“虎妈”热潮之后，“狼爸”再一次激起了关于“棍棒教育”的争论。)
滚雪球
snowball -- (of a plan, problem, etc.) to grow bigger on an increasing rate
国奥队
the National Olympic Team
国产化率
import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components
过度包装
excessive packaging (Following a vote by lawmakers Wednesday, China's legislature approved the amended version of the Law on the Promotion of Clean Production, which stresses efforts to cut down on excessive packaging. 全国人大常委会通过《清洁生产促进法》修正案，强调要努力减少过度包装。)
过度放牧 overgraze
过度开垦
excess land reclamation
过度投资行业
over-invested industries
国防动员体制
the mobilization for national defense
国防动员体制
the mobilization system for national defense
国防科工委
State Commission of Science and Technology for National Defense Industry
国防预算
defense budget (China plans to increase its defense budget by 7.5 percent in 2010, only about half of last year's planned growth of 14.9 percent, a parliament spokesman said here on Thursday. 全国人大发言人（李肇星）本周四称，中国2010年国防预算的增幅计划为7.5%，增幅仅为去年计划增幅14.9%的一半。)
国货
domestics
过火
go too far
国际奥委会
the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
国际标准化组织
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
国际承诺
international commitments
国际公认的警戒线
internationally accepted alarm level
国际惯例
international common practice
国际海域
international waters
国际化战略
internationalization strategy
国际货币基金组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
国际禁止化学武器组织
organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons (OPCW)
国际恐怖主义
international terrorism
国际劳工组织
ILO (International Labor Organization)
国际联盟
international coalition
国际贸易伙伴
international trading partner
国计民生
the national economy and the people's livelihood
《国际民用航空公约》(1944)
The International Civil Aviation Covenant
国际清算
international settlement
国际日期变更线
International Date Line (IDL)
国际商业机器公司
International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)
国际社会
the international community
国际收支不平衡
disequilibrium of balance of payment
国际玩笑
play a large-scale joke
《国际先驱论坛报》
International Herald Tribune
国际自然保护联盟
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
国际足球联盟
Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
国家财政贴息贷款
discount government loan
国家创新体系
state innovation system
国家环保总局
State Environmental Protection Administration
国家级特殊津贴
special state allowance
国家级卫生城市
state-level hygiene city
国家经济体制改革委员会
the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems
国家控股公司
state-controlling company
国家普通话水平考试
National Proficiency Test of Putonghua
国家体育总局
State Physical Culture Administration
国家外汇储备
state foreign exchange reserves
国家一级保护
first-grade State protection
国家质量技术监督局
the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
国家中长期科学和技术发展规划
a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development
国家重点科技攻关项目
national key scientific and technological project
国脚
player of the national football team; footballer of the national team
过境旅客
transit passenger ("Shanghai and neighboring cities, such as Hangzhou and Wuxi, have benefited greatly (since Shanghai introduced a visa waiver for transit passengers), as it means foreign tourists can travel during a 48-hour stay," said Jiang Yiyi, director of the China Tourism Academy's international tourism development institute. 中国旅游研究院国际旅游研究所负责人蒋依依称，上海及杭州、无锡等周边城市从免签政策中获益良多，目前上海对过境旅客实行免签政策，即游客可免签停留48小时。)
过境签证 transit visa
国库券
treasury bonds
过劳死
karoshi; death from overwork
过劳死
die from overwork ( Its employees are always under severe stress and some even died from overwork. 。该公司员工长期压力过大，曾出现员工过劳死事件。)
国民党
Kuomintang
国民经济的综合平衡
overall balance in national economy
国民经济支柱产业
pillar industry in national economy
国民生产总值
gross national product (GNP)
国内生产总值
gross domestic product (GDP)
国内游
inbound tourism 过山车
roller coaster
国事访问 state visit
过失赔偿责任；无过失赔偿责任
liability with fault；liability without fault
过失责任
liability of fault
国书
state credentials
国泰民安
The country flourishes and people live in peace
国土资源部
Ministry of Land and Resources
国土资源管理
land and resources administration
国外旅游
overseas travel
国务卿
Secretary Of State (in America)
过硬
have a perfect mastery of
过犹不及
going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
国有独资商业银行
wholly state-funded commercial bank
国有股
state-owned shares
国有股减持
state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed companies
国有及国有控股工业企业
state-owned industrial enterprises and enterprises whose controlling stake was owned by the state
国有企业股份制改革继续推进
fresh progress was made in transforming state-owned enterprises into stock companies
国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨
integrate the subsistence allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system
国有商业银行股份制改造试点方案
pilot plan to transform state-owned commercial banks into stock entities
国有资产管理体制
State property management system
国有资产监督管理委员会
the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
国有资产流失
loss of state-owned assets
国债贴息贷款
T-bond discount loans
国债投资
treasury bond investment
国债专项资金
special fund for treasury bond
国债资金重点项目责任制
the responsibility system for key projects funded by treasury bonds
果子狸 civet cat
过渡期
transitional period
国家发展计划委员会
the State Development Planning Commission
国家计划和财政政策、货币政策等相互配合的宏观调控体系
the macro-economic regulation system by integrating State planning with fiscal and monetary policies
国家审判权
the judicial authority of the State
《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》
Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies
国际部队
international forces
国际多边金融机构
international multilateral financial institution
国际关系民主化
practice democracy in international relations
国际禁毒日
International Day against Drug Abuse (People around the world hold rally marking the International Day against Drug Abuse.)
国际社会
international community
国民素质
the populace's cultivation
国情
national conditions
过期食品
expired food, out-of-date food (The Japanese, who always pay attention to food safety, have lowered their requirements amid the economic woes, the United Morning Post
reported. A survey shows that 83% Japanese think it's ok to buy out-of-date food as long as they don't make people fall ill. 据新加坡《联合早报》报道，向来重视食品安全的日本人，随着经济不景气而口味大降。一项民调显示，83%的日本人认为，只要吃不坏肚子，就无所谓购买过期食品。)
国务委员
state councilor
国务院令
Decree of the State Council
国务院通知
Circular of the State Council
国有商业银行
State-owned commercial bank
国债余额管理方式
the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt
股票市场散户
individual stock investor
股权分置
to float the non-tradable shares; equity division
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