考研英语阅读中同义替换浅析
考研学子的复习进度也正在进行的如火如荼。在考研英语阅读块面，仔细阅读考研文章之后,再来看题目和选项,相比很多同学都已经发现一个共性，那就是：同义替换。很多题目和选项都或多或少的与原文里的句子有些不大一样，但是意思却基本相同。Text1是一篇讲述如何在对话中有效使用幽默的文章
1.：Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.
答案C：addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople
定位原文：Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.
答题要点：既然是细节题,并且出现在第一道,那么应该正确答案理应出现在文章前面段落,并且很可能就是第一段.正确选项和原文之间并非出现词汇的同义替换,而是换了句型.
2：Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.
正确答案B：veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole
原文复现："Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that'sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."
答题要点：这个题目难度较大,但是解本题的时候,除了找到此同义替换局外,还有一点是关键的,那就是这个例子出现的背景,那就是护士对医生有着一致的看法和观点,并且绝对不是一种好的评价,所以才会拿来开玩笑.所以再结合原文,应该推断,B为正确选项.说明医生很在乎自己上帝般的角色God再次出现。
3：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.
正确答案D：haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
原文定位：YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
答题要点：thePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem与publicservices属于上下义的关系，因此一定程度上属于同义替换,并且laughingstock与scapegoats如果仔细看这段文字的话,也会发现,其实就是同义的表达而已.
4：Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.
答案D：ascasuallyaspossible
原文定位：Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.
答题要点：先定位,然后再来分析发现原文中nature,casual,off-the-cuff，relaxed,unforced全都是答案中casually的同义词,如此之多,完全可以判定正确选项D
Text2
1:Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin________.
正确答案C：theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork
原文定位：Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.
解题要点：本题的难度较小,很容易辨析,在原文与选项的对比之后发现tools再次出现，difficult,dangerous是dangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty的同义替换,也就是换个方式把原文的意思重新表达一次,很明显为正确选项.
2:Theword"gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans________.
正确答案C：devices
原文定位：Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.
解题要点：从题型来看,这属于典型的词汇题,而词汇题的做题关键则是在原文的上下文中找出相应的近义词,同义词和反义词之类,也可以使同义表达.从后面定语从句来看，重点是removehumanlabor.再从后面的几个例子中，factory,banking,subwaytrain几个东西都是工具，得出答案。
3：题：Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan__
正确答案D：respondindependentlytoachangingworld
原文定位："Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"wecan'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."
答题要点：reliablyinteractwithadynamicworld是文章中的respondindependentlytoachangingworld同义转化，并且题目中也有类似的同义替换,如beyondman’sability等同于原文中的cannotyetgive…
4：Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso________.
正确答案B：dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention
原文定位：Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge….whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror…
答题要点：同义替换,withhumanintervention替换了文中withlesshumansupervision.
比其他一些题目更难的地方在于,这句话无论是原文还是正确选项都有个前提,所以必须考虑进来,如果不考虑前提,很有可能出现断章取义,导致错选了A,makeafewdecisionforthemselves.
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