2010考研法硕英语冲刺样题及答案细解（四）
Passage ThreeDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans. But black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical Care. Because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the can cancer itself, the report added.
"In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis thrill whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis."The report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.'
The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier, when cancer is more treatable. And it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role.
''The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts," the organization said in a statement.
But it also noted a top in cancer death rates.
"Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as has incidence rates," said the report.
41. Black Americans arc more likely to die of cancer than _____.
A. people in other countries B. white Americans
C. all other American D. their ancestors
42. Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?
A. Unequal access to medical Care. B. Greater probability of having other diseases.
C. Differences in the biology of the cancer. D. Early diagnosis.
43. Cancer is more treatable if it is detected _____.
A. in an early stage B. in a late stage
C. all of a sudden D. together with other diseases
44. Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with _____.
A. death rates B. various cancers
C. unfair social differences D. biological differences
45. Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans _____.
A. have been going up and down B. have remained stable
C. have increased D. have fallen
Passage Four
The term could yet become the word of the year; stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers are complaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under-or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality.
"Firstly, stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and management consultant says:" It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature, "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."
But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration, its cause or causes and the sufferer's personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.
Exercise, healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Voelker-Albert, spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign "Gut Drauf"(Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agency's research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed and under stress. Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines and indigestion, nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds.
But even the best solutions don't work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.
46. Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?
A. Stress has both positive and negative aspects.
B. Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.
C. Stress only leads to serious problems.
D. Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.
47. A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel _____.
A. fit and healthy B. under-or overworked
C. relaxed and happy D. irritated, tired and exhausted
48. Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?
A. Those who suffer from the flu. B. Those who are in good moods.
C. Those who are successful. D. Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.
49. All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECT _____.
A. painful headache B. indigestion
C. nervousness and concentration problems D. loss of memory
50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?
A. Reading good literature. B. Practicing yoga.
C. Having a healthy diet . D. Working overtime.
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
If you have a baby __51__ the way, you'll need to know about working while __52__, when to tell your employer you're pregnant.
I think the best time to tell your employer is when you need to and when the time is right for you. It __53__ be when you're starting to show, when your employer may need to __54__ accommodations for your pregnancy, when you need time __55__ for the doctor or need to take disability __56__. Personally, I'm in favor of being open with your employer. I told my boss as soon as my pregnancy was __57__ and I had only been working for my employer for a couple of months.
For me, it was easier to plan doctor visits and a maternity leave __58__ stressing over it because I didn't want to mention the pregnancy. On the other hand, I know people who have waited for months and that __59__ fine too.
As a case in my company, I __60__ a person who didn't tell us she was pregnant. She took lots of time off from work, was very ill with morning sickness and because we had no clue what was happening, we were afraid she was deathly ill. We would have been much happier knowing she was pregnant!
51. A. by B. in C. under D. on
52. A. are pregnant B. pregnant C. being pregnancy D. pregnancy
53. A. could B. must C. should D. shall
54. A. work B. go C. take D. make
55. A. off B. away C. down D. over
56. A. left B. body C. rest D. leave
57. A. confirming B. confirmed C. to confirm D. confirm
58. A. with B. by C. without D. in
59. A. worked out B. worked at C. figured out D. figured in
60. A. thought B. supervised C. superb D. superiority
Paper Two
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
In a study, Hamer and his colleagues combined measurements of tobacco exposure focused on mental health issues. They found that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke were more likely to experience psychiatric distress, and that the mental health issues increased along with the tobacco exposure.
"We found that people with high exposure to second hand smoke had increased levels of depression and anxiety," says Hamer.
They also found that people exposed to second-hand smoke were more likely to be admitted to a hospital for a psychiatric illness than people without the exposure to tobacco smoke.
To accurately assess the level of second-hand smoke exposure, researchers tested for cotinine(可替宁), which is produced when nicotine is metabolized. But they also asked the people in the study where they were exposed to tobacco smoke. Perhaps surprisingly, says Hamer, the answer wasn't at work, restaurants, or pubs.
"The people that are at the highest level of passive smoke are actually the ones reporting exposure in their own homes. So in other words, if you live with a smoker, you really are at very high risk of demonstrating high levels of second-hand smoke exposure."
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title "Keeping Pets". You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.
1. 有些人赞成养宠物
2. 有些人反对养宠物
3. 你的观点
参考答案与解析
Paper One
Part I Dialogue (15 minutes, 15 points)
Section A Dialogue Completion
1. D。hang around 到处闲逛。而speaker B 中的答语"过些天就会很忙，然后你就会想着这些慵懒的日子"可知是在安慰对方，故答案为D。
2. A。A在征求B的意见。问可否今晚过来呢?B，D违背了委婉，礼貌的原则，而C是汉式思维，不合语义，故答案为A。
3. B。A, C, D均不符合委婉，礼貌的原则，而B给出了建议，故答案为B。
4. B。由but后面的转折的内容"想最好的一面并不是什么坏事儿"可知前面是同意前者所说的话，故选择B。
5. D。Speaker A 问的是选择疑问句，从Speaker B中后半部分"但最好稍后回来"及委婉的原则，可知答案为D。译为"随你的便"。
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
6. B。exception 例外，即"也可能会有例外"，故答案为B。即意思为"她可能会接受做个保姆的工作。"
7. A。男士引用一句谚语为了证明他的观点"他们永远不会帮助我们的"。女士先表示同意，进而通过but转折可知她还是想尝试看看能否得到帮助，故答案为A。
8. C。由男士的回答可知两者事件不可能是巧合，故答案为C。
9. A。男士的答语中包含一个比较结构，即"安全总比遗憾好"。即"建议这项工程最好能够被监察"。故答案为A。
10. A。lead"引导，线索"，本句中应该取的是后者之意，故答案为A。
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes 10 points)
11. A。本句的主干谓语动词为differs，主语为beam，而that引导的为beam的后置定语从句。根据搭配，应该是laser 放射的光线，故答案为A。transport 运输，流放;motivate 激发;translate 翻译。
12. A。break through 突破，瓦解;break down 打破，减轻，把 … 分解;break into 闯入;break out 爆发。根据句子意思可知答案为A。
13. A。demand 要求;command 指挥;require 要求;request 请求。demand 和require的意思很相近但也有细微差别。demand 通常指坚持其应该有或必要的东西，暗示要求者有权这样做，常有命令之意;require 通常指按照法律、规章、规定、惯例、环境等提出要求，其客观性较强。故答案为A。
14. A。thanks to 多亏了;by means of 凭借;in line with 按照，依照;with regard to 关于，至于。
15. C。assist 帮助，协助;acknowledge 承认;advocate 提倡，倡导;admit 承认。根据and 并列词前面的内容，Jones强烈反对视频游戏，可知他提倡关闭所有有此游戏的娱乐场所。
16. C。transmit 传输，传送;elaborate 详细的说明，推敲;convey 传达;contribute 贡献。艺术作品传达出思想和情感。故答案为C。其中注意，fine arts"美术"。
17. B。exploit 剥夺，开采;frustrate 沮丧的;profit 获利; mislead 误导。由并列连词and 后面的disappointing可知前面的也选一个贴近的消极意义的词，故答案为B。
18. D。procedure 程序;protection 保护;allowance 津贴;access 接触;注意furnish 提供，布置，装备;top priority 首要考虑的事儿。故答案为D。
19. C。install 安装，安置;equip 装备;devise 发明，设计;format 形成。只有devise可以与new experiment搭配最符合语义，故答案为C。
20. A。involvement 涉及，包含;interaction 相互作用，相互影响;association 联合，交往;communication 交流。本句中阐述的是：有父亲的参与会帮助提高孩子的成绩。应选择A。
21. A。本句中主语为shelled animals，少谓语动词，故选择A。
22. B。本句为定语从句，先行词joint在定语从句中做地点状语，故应选择where。
23. D。本句中主语是 history，谓语动词是is，表语是the history。故答案为D。
24. D。本句中并不缺少谓语，谓语为rests on，而give在本句中应以目的状语的成分出现，故答案为D。
25. B。本句中主语为uniform acceleration，谓语动词为occur，后面为条件状语，故答案为B。
26. D。本句中横线前面部分的主谓宾是齐全的，故应选择状语部分，而状语部分是从句，故答案为D。
27. C。介词of 后面接宾语，故应选择A或C。而句子中已有表语reality，故应选C。
28. C。句子中逗号后面的内容有完整的主谓宾，故前面应该选择连词引导从句，根据句意应该选择C。
29. A。本句中谓语动词为date，谓语前为主语，故少主语部分，答案为A。
30. D。句子中的and连接的是三个并列名次，故答案为D。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)
Passage one
31. B。本题为细节定位题。由第二段中"But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net."可知Cancer Chat这个网站能够提供可靠的信息源。
32. D。本题为细节判断题。由"I have written a public diary"可知并不是私人日记，故D错误。
33. B。本题为细节判断题。由"Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat"可知A正确，由"Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family"可知C，D正确。即不仅仅谈论治疗的副作用及方法，还会是人们情绪的发泄口。B在文中没有提及，故答案为B。
34. D。本题为细节定位题。由倒数第三段"… of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials."可知A正确，由 "The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors …"可知道B，C正确，故正确答案为D。
35. A。本题为猜词题。由the charity指代的对象，可知道应该前文寻找。而倒数第二段中提及Cancer Research UK hopes …可知道这个慈善机构指的就是这个研究所，故答案为A。
Passage Two
36. C。本题为细节推理题。由第一段末的"Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development."可知要给予孩子不同的玩具。故答案为C。
37. C。本题为细节定位题。由"… the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life"可知与C表达最为贴近，故正确答案为C。
38. C。本题为细节定位题。由 "A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully."可知正确答案为C。
39. B。本题为细节定位题。由"In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds."可知答案B最贴切。bound 界限。no bounds=boundless
40. C。本题为主旨题。参考每段的主旨句第一句，可知正确答案为C。
Passage three
41. B。本题为细节定位题。由"But black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites"可知道比较的对象是白人。故正确答案为B。
42. D。本题为细节定位题。由"the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease."可只是黑人能够得到确诊的时间比较晚，故正确答案为D。
43. A。本题为推断题。由"The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier, When cancer is more treatable."可推知癌症越早确诊越容易治疗。
44. C。本题为猜测题。由"The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,"可推知是C答案。即"处理不公平的社会分歧"。
45. D。本题为细节定位题。由"Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992"可知是美国黑人癌症死亡率自从1992年就降了。
Passage Four
46. C。本题为判断正误题。由第一段最后一句"Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality."可知C错误。故选择C。
47. D。本题为细节定位题。由 "… and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow."可知答案为D。
48. A。本题为细节定位题。由"People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress."可知答案为A。
49. D。本题为细节定位题。由"Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines and indigestion, nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds."可知A，B，C正确，故D没有。
50. D。本题为细节定位题。由"Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress" 可知A，B正确。"… healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time."可知C正确。故选择D。
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
51. D。on the way在途中，即将到来;in the way 在路上，挡路的;under the way 无此搭配;by the way 顺便，根据句意，应该选择D。
52. D。while 为连词，前面v-ing形式，后面也该为此形式或者名词形式，故答案为D。
53. A。本题考查情态动词的用法。must 一定;should 应该; shall 应该;只有 could表示可能，推测，故答案为A。
54. D。make accommodations为固定搭配，意思是"安排食宿"，故答案为D。
55. A。off adj. 空闲的，离开的，关闭的。即"需要空闲时间去看医生"。away 常指"距离"，故答案为A.。
56. D。leave 假期，disability leave 此处指的的是"产假"的意思。故答案为D。
57. B。confirm 确定，be confirmed 确定的。根据句意可知道是系表结构，而非表示动作。故答案为B。
58. C。根据原因状语部分"I didn't want to mention"可知道前面是不想强调怀孕的事儿。
59. A。work out 结果是……;figure out理解，计算出，想出，解决;work at从事，用功，致力于;根据句意"应该是结果很好"，故答案为A。
60. B。thought 想;supervise 看见;superb 极好的;superiority 优越性，优势。由后面她的表现和迹象，可知道答案是B。
Paper Two
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)
在一项新的研究中，哈默医生和同事们综合考量研究对象的心理健康问题。他们发现，不吸烟的人处在吸烟环境之中，更可能有心理上的压抑感。而越多地处于吸烟环境中，心理压抑感越严重。
哈默医生说："我们发现，高危接触二手烟之中的人，抑郁和焦虑程度会增加。"
哈默医生说，他们还发现，曝露于二手烟之中的人，和吸烟者一样，比不接触二手烟的人，更有可能因为精神问题而进医院。
为了精确评估接触二手烟的程度，研究人员对可替宁进行检测。可替宁是尼古丁经过新陈代谢之后产生的。研究人员同时也询问研究对象，他们是在什么地方接触到二手烟的。答案出人意料，既不是工作场所，也不是餐馆或酒吧。
哈默医生说："那些被动吸烟最多的人说，他们实际上是在自己家中接触二手烟的。"
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Keeping Pets
There is no denying the fact that keeping pets is a hotly debated topic today. Some people claim that keeping pets is a good thing to do. They believe that pets, like cats and dogs, can help relieve the loneliness suffered by senior citizens and other social members who are confined to their homes for this reason or that. They also argue that keeping pets helps mankind understand animals' world and develop positive feelings toward them.
Others, however, hold the opposite view. They regard keeping pets as a useless but harmful thing to do. First, pets can transmit diseases. Secondly, the noises and dung of pets are sources of pollution. Last but not least, as many rare birds and animals are kept as pets, they will surely be hunted on a large scale, which means a threat to the balance of the ecosystem.
Weighing the arguments of both sides, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Anyway, we can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other ways. And it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can we expect to have a lively and colorful world.
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