2010考研法硕英语冲刺样题及答案细解（二）
Passage FourScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.
Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.
But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes. And depending on where you live, tap Water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.
To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.
Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.
Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.
The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.
46. What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct?
A. Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.
B. Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.
C. Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
D. Tap water is used to cook food.
47. James R. Ehleringer tried to find out _____.
A. if our bodies break water down into its parts
B. if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country
C. if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen
D. if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from
48. Which of the following statements is meant by the writer?
A. Ehleringer was successful in his research.
B. Ehleringer failed in his research.
C. Ehleringer can be a successful detective.
D. Ehleringer's research proved successful in China.
49. What does the last paragraph tell you?
A. The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.
B. Water supplied in different regions all comes from the same source.
C. Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.
D. Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.
50. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title?
A. Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.
B. Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.
C. Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.
D. Most detectives are hair specialists.
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
More than forty thousand readers told us that they looked for in close friendships, what they expected __51__ friends, what they were willing to give in __52__, and how satisfied they were with the quality of their friendships. The results give little comfort to social critics.
Friendship __53__ to be a unique form of human bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties that __54__ parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by law. Unlike other social roles that we are expected to __55__-as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and other organizations-it has its own principle, which is to promote __56__ of warmth, trust, love, and affection between two people.
The survey on friendship appeared in the March issue of Psychology Today. The findings __57__ that issues of trust and betrayal (背叛) are central to friendship. They also suggest that our readers do not __58__ for friends only among those who are most like them, but find many __59__ differ in race, religion, and ethnic (种族的) background. Arguably the most important conclusion that emerges from the data, __60__, is not something that we found-but what we did not.
51. A. on B. of C to D. for
52. A. addition B. reply C. turn D. return
53. A. feels B. leads C. sounds D. appears
54. A. bind B. attach C. control D. attract
55. A. keep B. do C. show D. play
56. A. friendship B. interests C. feelings D. impressions
57. A. secure B. assure C. confirm D. resolve
58. A. ask B. call C. appeal D. look
59. A. people B. who C. what D. friends
60. A. moreover B. however C. still D. yet
Paper Two
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed beverages. Flavor aside, scientists have recognized it as a complex blend of chemical compounds with potential health effects, both good and bad. Now, new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.
Those studies - in Europe and the United States - found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat.
"We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," the researchers said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not observe an association for drinking three cups or less per day."
"There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps those compounds are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers." If those compounds can be isolated, maybe someday you'll be able to take an anti-cancer pill, but for us coffee lovers, the answer may just be another refill.
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title "Cyber Crime". You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.
1. 现如今，网络犯罪的形式都有哪些?
2. 为什么会出现网络犯罪的形式?
3. 如何打击这种犯罪形式?
模拟试题一参考答案与解析
Paper One
Part I Dialogue (15 minutes, 15 points)
Section A Dialogue Completion
1. C。前半句否定，后半句肯定的反义疑问句在回答的时候，要根据事实回答。例如：They don't work hard, do they? Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。No, they don't. 对，他们工作不努力。从B的回答可以看出，B也认为经济有问题，所以首先排除A、D两项。B项"是的，新闻是靠不住的。"属于前后矛盾的选项，故答案为 C。
2. A。通过"not really."这一回答可以看出，B的话语是一般疑问句，通过这一点可以排除C、D两项;B项和D项的回答都很不礼貌。故答案为A。
3. B。B、C、D三项都回答了问话，但C项不礼貌，直截了当地拒绝，回答得太粗暴。D项的语气不太好，不太谦虚，所以不选。A项没有明确回答问题。故答案为B。
4. B。意思是"不。让他稍后再打电话过来。"A项过于委婉，老板对员工不必用这种比较客气的语气。故答案为B。
5. B。意思是"好的，你建议咱们做什么呢?"。A项是对"Do you mind …"的回答;C，D两项都没有对他人的建议做出是与否、同意或不同意的直接回答。故答案为B。
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
6. A。gone as smooth as clockwork(成语)象钟表一样平平稳稳，表示事情一切进展顺利，没有什么障碍和难度。四个选项中只有A项符合题意。
7. B。get one's mind stretched是"开阔眼界"的意思。所以选项B与其相符，故答案为B。
8. D。So what?的意思是"那又怎么样呢?"，由此可见该男士对迟到之事根本就不在乎，故答案为D。
9. D。It leaves something to be desired意思是"还有一些不尽人意之处"，故答案为D，"没有达到预期标准"，两者句意相近。故答案为D。
10. B。out of this world是固定用法，意思是"好极了!世间少有!"，故答案为B。
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes 10 points)
11. B。adopt 采取，采用;acquire 获得，取得;accumulate 积累，积攒;assemble 聚集，集合，装配。获得某种技能用acquire the skill表达，故答案为B。
12. A。起诉 accuse 常跟介词of;charge 起诉，指控常跟介词for搭配;scold 斥责，责骂，常跟介词for;curse诅咒，咒骂。从句意和横先后的介词of可以判断出此题选A。
13. C。本题考查固定搭配，find fault with sb. 找某人的茬儿。故答案为C。
14. A。insight 洞察力;imagination 想象力;fancy 想像力，幻想;outlook 观点，前景。provide insight into sth. 看透……，深入剖析……。故答案为A。
15. D。expose揭露，使暴露;exhaust耗尽，使衰竭;exhibit陈列，展览;exploit利用，开拓，开采，开发。故答案为D。
16. A。set back推迟，延缓;set off 出发，解脱;set out出发;set aside留出，拨出，拒绝。雨水推迟了收成，故选set back。
17. D。regulate 管理，调整，控制;halt 停止，中止;interrupt 打扰，打断;combat战斗，打斗。故答案为D。
18. A。固定搭配，have access to可以到达，可以使用。其它几个词均无此搭配。故答案为A。
19. B。ensure 保证，确保;guarantee 保证，担保;assume 假定，设想，承担;confirm 确定，批准。ensure和guarantee 都有"保证"的意思，前者指"使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生"，后者更强调"对人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证;对事物、商 品等无质量;性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证"。故答案为B。
20. A。skim 略读，略过;observe 观察，遵守;overlook 俯瞰，远眺，忽略;glance 扫视，匆匆一看。没有时间逐字阅读，只能是略读了，故答案为A。
21. D。当时间状语时by + 将来时间点时，主句时态用将来完成时。
22. A。本题考查定语从句，句中定语从句没有先行词，当先行词选择all时，引导词只能使用that。all that = what，故答案为A。
23. D。in that 由于、因为;so long as 只要;in case 如果，万一;for fear that 以免，唯恐。分析句意可知选D。
24. D。要做出这个题目，需要判断lose和Anna之间的关系，是主谓还是动宾。分析可知应为被迷失，所以选用过去分词。be lost of the world 对周围的事毫无感觉。
25. B。此题目考察非谓语动词，逗号前是一个完整的句子，主谓宾齐全，因此逗号后面不能再出现谓语，排除A项there be的非谓形式可以是there being，也可以是there to be，前者表示 已经有，后者表示将有。从句子时态可以看出，应选择being。
26. D。本题考核连词的用法。本句主句为 it，代替后面的主语从句。根据句意，空白处应填入一个能引导主语从句作为实义主语的连词，因此正确答案为D。全句意为：你和你室友的要求完全相同，这是 怎么回事?How is/was it that从句?是一个固定句型，表示……是怎么回事?
27. A。本题考查特殊句式。根据句子含义，用到了让步状语从句，as引导让步状语从句时，要用部分倒装，将表语或状语提前。
28. C。be relevant to 形容词短语，表示与……有关。故答案为C。
29. B。even though 尽管，表转折;as though 似乎;even as 当，恰恰在…的时候;now that 既然，由于。分析句意可知，正确答案为as though。
30. A。lest的意思是唯恐，以免，免得。它是连词。所连接的状语从句里常用should或原形动词，lest should 表示"以免;生怕;唯恐"。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)
Passage One
31. D。答案可以从第二段的第一句话中找到。第一句话是这么说的：大多数学生头头并不想在它们不感兴趣的事上花大量的时间。
32. C。答案可以从第三段找到。第三段是这么说的：威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任Yvonne Fangmeyer在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说，寻求友谊是最经常列举的理由。
33. B。第五段讲到了Katie Rowley。"a Wisconsin senior"是"威斯康星四年级学生"。
34. A。答案可以从倒数第二段找到。第一句话是这么说的：但是，如果没有激情(passion)，学生头头试图经受急风暴雨的考验是会有困难的。
35. C。"fatten up"原义是"使人或动物变肥"，在这里可以解释为使一个人的履历更充实一些，因此也好看一些。因此意思上最接近的是"polish"(润色)。
Passage Two
36. C。答案在第一段。该段是这么说的：根据美国之音的报道，澳大利亚的外语技能在滑坡。新的数字表明，只有13%的高中毕业生能说一种外语，而四十年前是40%。
37. A。文章第二段中提到，Australia's economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills，由此可以推出，足够的矿物质供掩盖了外语能力的匮乏。故答案为A。
38. D。答案在第三段的一句话中，这句话是这么说的：Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at Sydney University, says language skills Can enhance trading opportunities. 悉尼大学经济和商务系的Dilip Dutta说道，语言技能可以增加就业机会。
39. B。最后一段的第一句话是这么说的：目前，澳大利亚主要的出口货物的70%流向了亚洲，因此澳大利亚政府热心于发展与亚洲的经济和外交联系。
40. D。"department"也是"系"。
Passage Three
41. B。从短文的第一段可以得知，昏迷病人的家属时常以为病人能动了，但大多数情况下，这只是他们的愿望思维，病人并没有真正有意识地在动。
42. B。短文的第二段明确交代，病人在此前的日子里基本上处于一动不动状态。
43. B。短文的第三段的头一句话表明，作者开始基本上不相信病人家属所说的话。
44. D。头三项在短文的最后两段都被提到，因此答案只能选D。
45. A。从上下文不难看出，作者之所以差点摔倒是因为她简直难以相信自己的眼睛，之前她还从未见过昏迷病人醒过来。
Passage Four
46. B。第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和软饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。
47. C。第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。
48. A。第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量;科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。
49. C。选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。
50. A。题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
51. B。此题考查介词用法。expect sth. of sth.表示从……上期望获得……。因此，选择of。
52. D。此题考查介词词组固定搭配。in return表示"以……作为回报"。从友谊中索取，自然同时要给予回报。
53. D。此题考查固定搭配。appear to be表示"似乎";lead to表示"导致……的结果"，其他几个选项无此搭配。所以，选择appear符合题意。
54. A。此题考查词汇。ties能发出的动作是bind(绑定)，故选A。其他选项的意思分别是：B附着，联系;C控制;D吸引。
55. D。此处考查固定搭配。play the role of表示"扮演……的角色"。因此，选play。
56. C。后文提到的warmth(温暖)、trust(信任)、love(爱)和affection(温情)都是feeling(感觉、感受)。因此，选择feelings。
57. C。此题考查词义辨析。四个选项意思分别是：A使……安全;B使确定;C确认;D解决。从文意可判断，选择C。B的用法一般是：assure sb. of sth.或assure sb. that。
58. D。此题考查固定搭配look for(寻找)。来源：考试大的美女编辑们
59. B。这里考查定语从句的关系代词。要做对此题，关键是对many的理解。此处，many是名词，指代"很多人"，后跟一定语从句，指人的关系代词则为who。译文为：读者找朋友的范围不仅局限于和自己很像的人，而且还包括不同肤色、宗教和种族背景的人。
60. B。这里考查上下文衔接。译文为：从数据中得出的最重要的结论不是我们已经发现的，而是我们尚未发现的。这和前文形成意义上的转折，选择however。
Paper Two
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)
咖啡是世界上最受人喜爱的饮料之一。姑且不论它的味道，科学家们已经知道咖啡里含有多种对健康具有潜在影响的化学成分，其中有好的、也有坏的影响。一项新的研究指出，如果你饮用足够量的咖啡，可能有助于避免某些癌症。
分别在欧洲和美国进行的研究发现，饮用大量咖啡的人罹患口腔和喉头癌的风险较低。
研究人员说："我们发现每天喝4杯以上的咖啡，会产生预防效果，将风险降低百分之40。我们没有在每天喝3杯或不到3杯咖啡的人身上看到这种效果。"
"我们已经知道，咖啡里有一些抗氧化的化学成分。因此我们想，也许是这些物质对预防某些癌症发挥了作用。"如果这些物质能够被分离出来，也许有一天，我们就能有治疗癌症的药可用了。但是对咖啡爱好者来说，答案是再来一杯咖啡。
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
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