惊·存在3000年!某会“秘史”1987年考研英语text 2详解
中公考研英语教研组----高子泠你知道是世界上最古老且现在还在举行的盛会是什么?妇女不能参加的盛会是什么?为什么禁忌如此之多?今天为大家讲述——奥运会。
第一段
In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations.
翻译：在古希腊，运动盛会是非常重要的而且与宗教有很强的联系。
讲解：association，联系，结合;社团。
The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international.
翻译：为了向奥林匹亚诸神之王——宙斯致敬，奥林匹亚的运动会每四年就召开一次。逐渐地，这个运动会失去了其地域特点，变成了国家范围内的一个盛会。在禁止外国竞赛者的条例被废除之后，最终它成了一个国际盛会。
讲解：in honor of：纪念，向…致敬。
这是一个长难句，句子主干是：The Olympian athletic festival became first a national event and then international。held every four years in honor of Zeus是定语从句，修饰The Olympian athletic festival。king of the Olympian Gods是Zeus的同位语。eventually lost its local character是状语从句。after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished是时间状语从句。
No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus.
翻译：没人知道奥林匹克运动会究竟能追溯到多久以前，但是一些官方记录追溯到公元前776年。这项运动会在奥林匹斯山旁边的平原上举行。
Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator.
翻译：成千上万的观众从希腊的各个地区聚集到那里，但是甚至结了婚的女性都不能当观众。
Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete.
翻译：奴隶，女性和名誉不好的人不能参加竞赛。
The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.
翻译：运动的确切流程还不确定，尽管项目比现代奥林匹克运动会少，但是项目包括男童体操，拳击，摔跤，赛马和田径。
讲解：sequence，继续，连续;顺序，程序;结果，后事。
第二段
On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads.
翻译：运动会的最后一天，所有的获胜者享有头戴橄榄枝做成的桂冠的荣耀。
讲解：holy，神圣的。a ring of holy olive leaves，神圣的橄榄叶圆环，桂冠。
So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory.
翻译：最大的荣耀是会用竞走比赛获胜者的名字命名他取得胜利的那一年。
讲解：foot race，竞走。gave one’s name to：以…的名字命名。
Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities.
翻译：尽管奥林匹克运动会的获胜者没有奖金，但是，实际上他们会从他们所属的城邦的政府机关那里得到丰厚的奖赏。
讲解：state authorities，在现代指州政府或国家机关，但是古希腊是城邦制，因此是城邦权力部门。
How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
翻译：很不幸，我们没办法知道他们的比赛结果与现代标准相比如何。
讲解：no means of，没办法。
第三段
After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D.
翻译：在持续了差不多1200年之后，奥林匹克运动会在公元394年被罗马入侵者打破。
讲解：罗马帝国统治希腊后，起初虽仍举行运动会，但奥林匹亚已不是唯一竞赛地了。如公元前80年第175届奥运会，罗马经济规律就把优秀竞技者召集在罗马比赛，而奥林匹亚只举行了少年赛。这时职业运动员已开始大量出现，奥运会成了职业选手的比赛，希腊人对此失去了兴趣。公元2世纪后，基督教统治了包括希腊在内的整个欧洲，倡导禁欲主义，主张灵肉分开，反对体育运动，使欧洲处于一个黑暗时代，奥运会也随之更趋衰落，直至名存实亡。公元393年罗马皇帝狄奥多西1世宣布基督教为国教，认为古奥运会有违基督教教旨，是异教徒活动，翌年宣布废止古奥运会。公元395年，拜占廷人与歌德人在阿尔菲斯河发生激战，使奥林匹亚各项设施毁失殆尽。公元426年，狄奥多西2世烧毁了奥林匹亚建筑物的残余部分。公元511、522年接连发生的两次强烈地震，使奥林匹亚遭到了彻底毁灭。从此顺延了1000余年的古奥运会不复存在，繁荣的奥林匹亚变成了一片废墟。
They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars.
翻译：奥林匹克运动会持续如此之久是因为人们信仰其代表的理念：健全的身体会产生健全的头脑，并且运动中的竞争精神比引发战争的竞争精神更可取。
It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.
翻译：1500后，另外一种国际运动盛会于1896年在雅典召集和举行。
第四段
Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn.
翻译：当今，奥林匹克运动会在不同的国家轮流进行。
The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’ expenses.
翻译：主办国提供大量的设施，包括运动场，游泳池和生活食宿，但是参赛国支付他们自己的运动员花销。
第五段
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays.
翻译：奥林匹克运动会在奥运圣火到达运动场馆的一刻启幕。奥运圣火被奥林匹斯山的阳光点燃。
讲解：sun’s rays，太阳辐射，太阳光。
It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium.
翻译：圣火被一个接一个的赛跑者带入场馆中。
The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony.
翻译：圣火代表了古希腊奥运精神的传承，它在运动会进行时一直燃烧，直到闭幕式结束熄灭。
讲解：continuation：continue(继续)+ation(名词后缀)→连续;持续。
The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.
翻译：著名的奥运旗帜是一种现代理念：五个相连的圆环代表参加奥运会的五大洲团结一心。
讲解：interlocking：inter(在内部)+lock(锁，封闭)+ing(形容词后缀)→连接，连锁。
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