考研网 发表于 2016-9-30 18:43:15

中公名师解析考研英语完形填空“插入语”

  

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考研英语完形填空之“插入语”
  ——中公考研英语研究院 庞艳春
  插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明,掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对句子、篇章的理解,而且也有助于提高书面表达的写作水平。插入语的位置,可放在句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或分号隔开。考研英语试卷中常见的插入语可分为:形容词(词组)、副词、不定式、现在分词短语、介词短语、从句以及固定短语等,其通常出现的位置为句中。
  1.常见的形容词(词组)、副词作插入语的有:sure enough; strange; worse still;most important; honestly; obviously; however; otherwise; luckily; unfortunately; besides; first; second; especially; surprisingly等。
  2.常见的不定式有:to tell the truth; to be short(简单地);to begin with(首先); to be sure(自然、当然、果然);to be honest/frank; to make things worse; to make a long story short; to speak of(值得一提的是),to be fair ,to sum up(概括地说) 等。这些插入语表示说话人的态度,在句子中作独立成份。
  3.常见的现在分词短语有:generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from/by; talking of(谈到); considering(考虑到,因为是);putting it mildly(说得客气一点)等。这些分词用来修饰全句。
  4.常见的介词短语有:in fact; in addition; in a word; on the other hand; in other words; in one's opinion; in that case; by the way; of course; as a rule(通常);to one's surprise; for example; on the contrary(相反);in a way(在某点上、在某种程度上); for one thing; for another (thing)等。
  5.常见的从句有:if you don't mind; if you like; if you please; if necessary; if any; if I may say so; if convenient; as it happens等。
  6.常见的固定短语:as a result; that is (to say); what's more; as above; all in all(总之)等。
  掌握了考研英语完形填空文章中常会出现的插入语的形式、功能及其在句中的位置,不仅可以帮助同学们更加迅速地理清句子结构,理解句子与句子之间的逻辑关系并且读懂句子;而且也可以帮助我们更加快捷地定位出答案。如:(2012年完形第3题)
  The court cannot maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that ___ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.
  A. restored B. weakened C. established D. eliminated
  该题从选项来看,是一道典型的动词辨析题,其首要的解题方式是回到空处寻找与其搭配的名词:the court’s reputation,四个选项都可以。这个时候就要进一步联系上下文解题:首先一个及其显眼的转折逻辑词Yet就会映入眼帘,这时候相当一部分考生就会根据yet传达出的前后语义相反相对的含义,选出一个与其前语义(法庭不能维持合法性)相反语义的词,即A. restored(恢复)。但事实上,该空所在语句存在一个插入语:in several instances,因此必须将其提前,即:in several instances, yet, the justices acted in ways that ___ the court’s reputation. “在某些情况下,法官…”很显然,该句是举例子,对上一句进一步例证,因此,正确答案只能是B选项。“尽管如此,在某些情况下,法官仍然以削弱法庭独立和公正的声誉”,正好跟前面的语义相同。
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