只见“森林”不见“树木”详解1986年考研英语text1
只见“森林”不见“树木”详解1986年考研英语text1——中公名师 高子泠
学习考研英语靠的是基本功和技巧是每个同学都知道的，那么怎么样提升自己的基本功呢?那就扎扎实实地以真题为教材一点一点地吃透它。于是，老师就给大家做了一个系列的真题文章详解，毕竟题目虽然年年不同，但是基本功要求的单词和长难句却三十几年来很少变动。
本篇是以专业和管理为切入点，讲了两类不同的工作方向。
第一段：
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching.
翻译：有许多职业越来越注重专业化，你会发现这些职业包括工程技术，制造业，统计工作和教学。
讲解：重点单词specialization专业化=special(特殊的)+ize(动词后缀)+ation(名词后缀)
But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.
翻译：但是现在对于那些能总揽全局的人，那些对于一个领域钻研不深的人的需求逐渐上升。
讲解：take in：吸收领会。
at a glance：瞥一眼。
great area：大区域。
take in great area at a glance：瞥一眼就能了解全局。
这句话是在首段，又是以转折词But开头，因此是全文主旨句。
There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.
翻译：总之，就是需要那些能“看到整个森林而不是看到树木”进而做出决断的人。
讲解：in other word是插入语，为不影响阅读，提至句首。
第二段：
We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.
翻译：我们把这些人叫做“通才”。并且对于管理岗，这些“通才”尤其紧缺。管理岗就是监督其他人的工作，为其他人安排工作，组织其他人的工作，创建工作和评价工作。
讲解：generalist(通才，有全局观的人)=general(整体的，总体的)+ist(人)
第三段：
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools.
翻译：专业人士了解一个领域，他只注意技术和工具。
讲解：specialist(专家，专业人士)=special(特别的，专门的)+ist(人)
He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional.
翻译：他是一个被训练过的人，他的教育背景完全是技术性的和专业性的。
讲解：properly：熟意：恰当的。僻意：完全地。
The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.
翻译：“通才”，尤其是管理者，与人打交道;他关注领导力，组织计划和指挥。
讲解：deal with：处理…事务。
He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation.
humanity(人道，人性)=human(人)+ity(抽象名词后缀)
翻译：他是一个被教育过的人，人文关怀是他最强的根基。
Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.
翻译：专业人士很难成为一个管理者。
讲解：这句话是倒装，正确语序是a specialist is very rarely capable of being an administrator。为了强调very rarely。rarely可以直接看成not。
And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field.
翻译：一个好的通才也很难成为某个特定领域的优秀专家。
Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions.
翻译：任何一个单位都需要以上两类人，尽管，不同的单位对不同类别人的需求比例不同。
It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
翻译：在你的培训期间你的工作就是找出这两种工作你适合哪一种，并且相应地计划你的职业生涯。
第四段：
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident.
翻译：你的第一份工作也许结果就是对你合适的工作——但是这完全是偶然的。
讲解：accident：熟意：事故。僻意：偶然现象。事故不是天天有，因此是偶然的。
Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job.
翻译：然而你的确不能总是换工作，否则人们就会怀疑你是否能胜任任何工作。
At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
翻译：同时你又不能把第一份工作视作最后一份工作(从一而终的工作);首先第一份工作是有培训性质的，作为员工，它是一个了解你自己和什么适合你的机会。
讲解：it is primarily a training job这里的it不能直接翻译为“它”，要找出指代的具体内容。
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