中公名师解读2005年完型真题分析之抓主线
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2005年完型真题分析之抓主线
——中公考研英语研究院 董婷
英语综合知识运用又名完型填空，这道题目要做好需要同学过三关，词汇关，句法关，和篇章关。此外还需要同学们掌握科学的做题顺序。即，1.抓主线2.正面理解语义去预测选题与根据选项来反推相结合。 今天我们重点来学习抓主线，因为主线是文章的论点和灵魂。那主线从哪找呢?因为完型是十分典型的议论文，那么完型的主线所在的位置就和我们议论文所在的位置是一样的，首段和段首。在这里尤其是要注意的是，完型填空有一个十分重要的特征就是，首句不设空，所以建议同学们花三倍的时间去研究不设空的首句。下面我们以2004年完型为例给同学们示范如何找主线。
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __21__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __22__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __23__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __24__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __25__ as a rejection of middle-class values.
首段中的首句，作为关键句，简明扼要的提出了本文和本段的中心，很多关于青少年犯罪的归因主要是自身原因和社会原因方面。后面内容具体说了这两方各自的原因是什么。
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __26__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __27__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __28__ to criticism.
第二段首句表明很多理论将原因归于家境困难而这些理论却忽略了很多富裕家境的孩子依然会犯罪，所以这些理论是不确定的。
Changes in the social structure may indirectly __29__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that __30__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __31__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __32__ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
第三段作者提出，自己认为的原因是社会结构的变化。
Families have also __33__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; __34__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __35__ was common in the traditional family __36__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __37__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __38__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __39__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __40__ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
第四段提出社会结构变化之一的家庭也够也是引起青少年犯罪的原因之一。所以整篇文章的论述思路是驳论，先列举对方观点并反驳，进而提出自己的看法。
通过上面首段和段首的分析，在没有通读全文的情况下，我们迅速的掌握了文章的主旨大意。不仅节约了时间，而且也提高了做题的正确率。所以建议同学们在做完型填空这道题目时候，先去了解大意，通过抓主线即可，不需要通读全文。
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