历年真题精析——命题剖析及复习指导(8)
2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析Section ⅡUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be(27)to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) ,publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to (36) else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants (37) . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. (38)they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by (39) for roles that are within their (40) and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
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教师必须了解年轻人所经历的情感、智力和生理变化。同时，教师还必须认真思考青少年如何能更好地适应这些变化。身体的成长需要运动和锻炼，但不能以只强调竞争的方式进行。因为他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功，也来自于别人对其成就的钦佩。然而，典型的年轻人的生活方式中已经充满了竞争，因此安排一些成功者多于失败者的活动是十分明智的。例如：出版许多学生写的书刊评论的简报、展示学生的艺术作品以及主办书籍讨论俱乐部。各种各样的小型俱乐部能提供培养领导才能的多种机会，并锻炼成功地组织集体活动的实际能力。交朋友对青年人来说尤为重要，而许多腼腆的学生需要某种来自组织的保障，大人只是在幕后支持他们。
在这些活动中，重要的一点是年轻人注意力保持集中的时间较短。应组织各种不同的活动，以便让参加者能尽可能长时间地保持积极主动，并让他们能接着做其他事情而不感到内疚，也不会让其他参加者感到失望。这并不意味着，大人们不必负责任。相反，在他们注意力集中时间内通过安排一些学生力所能及的任务并给予明确的规定，大人们能够帮助学生养成尽职尽责的习惯。
21. thought idea opinion advice
22. strengthen accommodate stimulate enhance
23. care nutrition exercise leisure
24. If Although Whereas Because
25. assistance guidance confidence tolerance
26. claimed admired ignored surpassed
27. improper risky fair wise
28. in effect as a result for example in a sense
29. displaying describing creating exchanging
30. durable excessive surplus multiple
31. groups individual personnel corporation
32. consent insurance admission security
33. particularly barely definitely rarely
34. similar long different short
35. if only now that so that even if
36. everything anything nothing something
37. off down out alone
38. On the contrary On the average On the whole On the other hand
39. making standing planning taking
40. capability responsibility proficiency efficiency
[内容提要]
本文讲述教师如何帮助青少年适应身体、情感和智力等方面的变化。文章第一段谈到应当组织一些适当的活动，第二段主要对如何组织这些活动进行进一步的阐述。
21.[正确答案]A
[考查重点] 语义辨析/ 固定搭配
[解题过程] 第二句中的And说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of "意识到，想到" 与A项thought"思考，思想"意思一致，而与B项idea "主意，观点，想法"，C项opinion"意见"和D项advice "建议"不相照应； 四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea 和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an, 而give an idea to和give an opinion to的对象都应是人。 D干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应该是人，而要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不正确。
22.[正确答案]B
[考查重点] 语义辨析
[解题过程] 根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们（young adults）很好地"适应"这些变化。此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，可能很多考生只了解它的第一个意思"提供住宿"，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是"使满意；使适应"。此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应），二者语义相近。
23.[正确答案] C
[考查重点] 语义辨析
[解题过程] 本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。Growing bodies need movement and, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 并列连词and确定空格处的词汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物；转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that emphasize competition.确定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。不难发现，四个选项中只有C. exercise 表示"练习，锻炼"，是一种竞技运动。 因此，正确答案是B. exercise 练习。
24.[正确答案］D
[考查重点] 逻辑关系
[解题过程] they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and ... 从句"they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,... 青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战"；主句"teenagers are especially selfconscious... 他门的自我意识强......"。不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为D. because。 句子"they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and ...""因为他们的自我意识强并且......，所以青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战。"
25.[正确答案]C
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程] 本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the that comes from achieving success and knowing。并列连词and确定供选的词汇与selfconscious并列，表示一种性格特征；定语从句that comes from achieving success "取得成功所需要的......"，限定该词汇的性质。他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人"钦佩"的"信心"。因此，正确答案为C。
26.[正确答案]B
[考查重点] 语义衔接题
[解题过程] 本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语动词。句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments areby others. "因为他们的自我意识强并且需要获得成功所必需的信心，所以青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战，并且知道他们的成绩受到别人的......"。句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。顺着上一题的线索，此处关键在于accomplishments和什么动词搭配？从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为"钦佩，崇拜"，所以选B.admired.
27.[正确答案]D
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程] 本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当表语。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers..."然而，典型的青年人的生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，那么组织一些赢者多于输家的活动是明智之举"。句子中 "it"是形式主语，不定式短语 "to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers"是真正的主语，主语提供信息决定答案。A.improper"不合适的"和B.risky"冒险的"是否定的意义，与整个句意不符；C.fair"公平的"， 这里讨论的是行为的性质， 与公平与否无关。
28.[正确答案]C
[考查重点] 逻辑关系
[解题过程] 本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的逻辑关系。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,,publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews, ....空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难发现该逻辑关系为举例列举。选项前后是例证关系，后面列举的行为均属于用来具体说明前面的activities, 形成照应关系。选项A. in effect 事实上；B. as a result 结果是；C. for example 例如；D. in a sense 从某种意义上说。因此，正确答案为C. for example 例如。"然而，典型的青少年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记......"。
29.[正确答案]A
[考查重点] 逻辑关系/ 语义辨析
[解题过程] 本题目选择动词的动名词形式，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews,student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 解题时需看清句中平列的逻辑关系，"出版包括许多学生所作的书评的简报，（展示）学生创作的艺术品，举办读书座谈俱乐部等"。不难发现，选项A. displaying 展示，展出，"展出学生的艺术作品"，符合语句含义，同时与"出版学生书写的读书笔记"构成并列关系。因此，正确答案为A。
30.[正确答案]D
[考查重点] 词汇辨析
[解题过程] 该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到A variety of small clubs can provide opportunities for leadership,... "各种各样的小型俱乐部能够提供......的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力"。选择形容词，被修饰的名词提供信息。选项A. durable 耐用的；持久的 与opportunities不搭配;B. excessive 过度的；C. surplus 过剩的；都有"过分"之义，含有否定的意思， 与文意不符。正确选项D.multiple"多样的"与句子主语中的variety相照应。
31.[正确答案]A
[考查重点] 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接
[解题过程] 与上文相连，opportunities后面两个for说明提供的是什么样的机会；由as well as连接的介词短语与前一个for引导介词短语是并列关系， 译为"不仅提供......机会而且提供......机会"，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选A。
32.[正确答案]D
[考查重点] 语义逻辑
[解题过程] 本题存在一个意思上的相应关系，即the of organization与the support of adult对应，可以判断D正确。本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。句子叙述到Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need theof some kind of organization... "交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要......的某种组织给予的......，而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持"。选项A. consent 内容， 含量；满意， 满足B. insurance 保险，安全保障；C. admission 承认，允许进入；D. security 安全，安全感。
33.[正确答案]B
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程] with引导一个介词复合结构作定语， 修饰organization， 其中"支持他们的成人""只能"在背后出现，这与B.barely"仅仅，刚好"的意思一致。 Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult visible in the background. "腼腆的学生需要加入某种团体以获得安全感，在幕后......有成年人的支持"。rarely"罕见地"一般表否定，不合语义；barely 是肯定的意义，相当于常见的only。
34.[正确答案]D
[考查重点] 语义衔接
[解题过程] 第二段讲的是如何组织活动，使学生保持持久的兴趣和注意。之所以如此，是因为青少年的注意周期（attention spans）不够长，这一点也可凭借常识判断。同时，下文中"participants can remain active as long as they want. 参与者能尽可能长的保持活跃的心态"的信息也证明了青少年的有意注意时限很短。因此，正确答案为D。
35.[正确答案]C
[考查重点] 逻辑关系
[解题过程] 做35题时要联系36，37题分析。全句要表达的意思是"应该组织各种各样的活动， 让参与者按照自己的意愿尽可能长久的保持活跃状态，然后还可以过渡到别的活动上去，既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。在第35题前后的两个句子中，第二句说明的是第一句的活动组织所要达到的目的，所以选C。A. if only"只要，但愿"，引起虚拟条件状语从句，且从句经常独立出现，表示说话人的意愿；B. now that "既然"， 引起原因状语从句；D. even if "即使"，引起让步状语从句。
36.[正确答案]D
[考查重点] 词汇辨析
[解题过程] 本题目选择不定代词。句子叙述到A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on toelse without feeling guilty and .... "应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参加别的......活动而不感到内疚"。由于没有任何活动的范围，因此只能是不定的另一项活动。选项B. anything" 任何一件事"最具迷惑性，它表示在某个范围内的任何一件事。由于句子中没有指出活动范围，因此，正确答案为D。
37.[正确答案]B
[考查重点] 固定搭配
[解题过程] 本题目选择与let构成的搭配，在句子中与前面的短语without feeling guilty "没有感到内疚"并列。句子叙述到A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants. "应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参加别的某一个活动而不感到内疚，并且不会让参与者......"。选项A. let...off 准许......暂停；放开；下车；发射B. let...down 让......扫兴，失望；C. let...out 泄露；D. let...alone 放任，不干涉
38.[正确答案]A
[考查重点] 逻辑关系
[解题过程] 本题选择体现逻辑关系的短语，体现前后两个句子的逻辑关系。句子叙述到This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. they can help students acquire a sense of commitment... "这并不意味着成年人就没有责任，......他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感。" 两句间形成对比关系，所以选A。 On the other hand "另一方面"必须与On the one hand "一方面"构成搭配。因此，正确答案为A。
39.[正确答案]C
[考查重点] 惯用衔接
[解题过程] 本题目选择与for构成的搭配，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment byroles ...."相反，他们可以通过......角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。"选项A. make for 向......方向走；B. stand for 代表，表示；C. plan for 为......做计划；D. take for 误以为， 把......看做......因此，正确答案为C. plan for 为......做计划。"相反，他们可以通过为学生设计或安排角色为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责任感。"
40.[正确答案]A
[考查重点] 语义辨析
[解题过程] 本题目选择名词，roles后面的that引导定语从句，修饰前文的roles，阐述这些角色应该在学生的能力范围和注意力保持期间内， 并且要把规则交代清楚。句子中On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within theirand their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules."相反，他们可以通过为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责任感。这些角色是在......之内的并且是有意注意限度内的角色"。选项A. capabilities 能力，"能力范围内的角色"，符合句子含义。
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already remade pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.
The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's Email. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of pointandclick spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence" and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligenceanalysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energyservices firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet signups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have militaryintelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington backandforthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
王尔德·比尔·多诺万肯定会喜欢网络，这位美国间谍首脑曾经在第二次世界大战期间建立了战略事务办公室，后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础，他对情报情有独钟。多诺万相信，在谍报职业这个"大型游戏"中可以利用任何手段。如今，互联网已经改变了诸如买书、发邮件这样的日常消遣，同样它也正在重塑着多诺汶所从事的这个职业。
最近的这次变革不仅限于阅读他人的电子邮件，那种电子间谍活动已经持续了数十年。在过去的三、四年中，国际互联网产生出了一种叫做点击谍报的新行当。间谍们称之为"公开渠道情报"。随着互联网的发展，该行业的影响也日渐壮大。1995年，美国中央情报局举办了一场竞赛，看谁能够搜集到关于"布隆迪"的最多情报。以极大优势胜出的是弗吉尼亚的一家名为"公开来源解决方案"的小公司，它的明显优势就在于对电子世界的全面把握。
在这个新领域中最引人注目的是斯特福德公司，它是一家位于德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的私人情报分析公司。该公司的业务是将（覆盖从智利到俄罗斯等国家的）情报销售给"麦克德莫国际"之类的能源公司。它的许多分析预测都可以从网站www.straitford.com上查阅。
该公司的总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，网络世界是一个收集情报和发送情报的工具，两者之间还能相互强化，是间谍头子梦寐以求的场所。上周，他的公司正在忙于整理从遥远的世界另一角收集的零散信息，并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。"一旦这个报告发布，我们将收到500个来自乌克兰用户的申请，"一位前政治科学教授弗莱德曼说，"我们将听到其中一些人的回应"。当然这种公开渠道的谍报活动也有其风险，因为很难区分信息的真伪，而这正是斯特福德公司谋生之所在。
弗莱德曼在奥斯汀市仅雇用20个雇员，其中几人具有军事情报工作背景。他把公司的"局外人"地位视为其成功的关键。斯特福德公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局的简报那样含糊其辞，政府机构避免发布引人注目的言论，以防出错。弗莱德曼说，斯特福德公司为其独立的声音而感到自豪。
41. The emergence of the Net has.
received support from fans like Donovan
remolded the intelligence services
restored many common pastimes
revived spying as a profession
42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to.
introduce the topic of online spying
show how he fought for the U.S.
give an episode of the information war
honor his unique services to the CIA
43. The phrase "making the biggest splash" (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means.
causing the biggest trouble
exerting the greatest effort
achieving the greatest success
enjoying the widest popularity
44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that.
Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true
Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information
Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability
Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information
45. Straitford is most proud of its.
official status
nonconformist image
efficient staff
military background
第一段中心句：These days the Net, which has already remade pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. 如今，网络已经改变了诸如买书和寄信这类的消遣性日常活动，也在重新改变多诺万的职业。
第二段中心句：In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of pointandclick spying.在过去的三、四年中，万维网已经派生出一个可称为通过点击进行间谍活动的完整的产业。
第三段中心句：Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligenceanalysis firm based in Austin, Texas.斯托福德是在这个新领域中取得最大成绩的公司，它是德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一个私营的情报分析公司。
第四段中心句：Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Straitford斯托福德公司总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界看成是一种对情报搜集者和情报发送者来说能共同提高的工具，这是超级间谍的梦想。弗莱德曼说，
第五段中心句：Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 弗莱德曼说，斯托福德公司为其独立的声音而自豪。
Text 2
To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied," Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such wellmeaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only wellknown personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过，"误导之所以成功就在于好人不采取行动"。现在就有这样一场正在寻求终止生物医学研究的运动，他们的理论基础是动物有权拒绝被用作实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出有力的回应，这是因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到卫生知识和保健的进步。动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依靠公共资金的资助，并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。当人们听到对实验场所虐待动物的指控时，许多人都搞不懂为什么有人会故意伤害动物。
例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老妇人搭起动物权利宣传亭，在前面散发小册子，鼓励读者不使用动物制品和动物实验制品--肉类、毛皮、药物。当被问及她是否反对免疫接种时，她就问疫苗是否来自动物实验。当被告知的确如此时，她回答道："那么我不得不说是的"。又问她疫病爆发时怎么办时，她说："不用担心，科学家会找到一种用计算机来解决问题的方法。"这些人出于好心，只是不了解状况而已。
科学必须用一种富于同情心通俗易懂的语言将信息传达公众，应使用一般人能够明白的语言，而不是使用分子生物学的术语。我们需要解释动物实验与祖母更换髋骨、父亲做心脏搭桥手术、婴儿免疫接种、甚至宠物防疫注射都密切相关。许多人不明白获得这些治疗及新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好听一点儿是浪费，说得难听就是残忍。
有很多事情需要做。科学家可以走进中学课堂，展示他们的研究成果。他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应，以防止动物权利的误导言论畅行无阻从而给真理披上虚伪的外衣。科研机构应该对游人开放，向人们展示实验室里的动物得到人道的对待。最后，因为最终起决定作用的是病人，所以医疗研究机构不仅应该吸收像斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人来支持这项事业--他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定--而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的珍贵火种。
第一段中心句："all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." 受错误思想引导的事业要想取得胜利只需好人袖手旁观。（篇首的话在篇尾得到了呼应："If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress."一首一尾的呼应突出了这篇文章的中心：呼唤科学家们采取行动，切勿让人们的无知妨碍了医学的发展。）
第二段中心句：Such wellmeaning people just don't understand. 看，这样善意的人们就是不明白道理。
第三段中心句：Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. 科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众，并且要使用善解人意和通俗易懂的语言，即大众化的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的术语。
第四段中心句：Much can be done. 在这方面有很多事情可以做。
Text 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total tonmiles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail." Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the 10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
近几年来，铁路公司纷纷合并，组成超级集团，这引起人们对垄断行为的极大关注。在不久之前的1995年，四家大型铁路公司占有整个铁路运营量的70%不到。第二年，在一系列兼并完成之后，四家铁路公司将控制90%以上的铁路货运业务。
支持超级铁路集团的人辩称，兼并将带来成本的大幅降低，能够更好地协调服务。他们认为由于公路运输的激烈竞争，垄断的威胁已经不复存在。但许多托运人却抱怨说，诸如煤炭、化学制品和粮食这类需要长途运输的大宗货物，公路运输的成本太高。因而那些铁路运输公司就会制约住他们。
铁路运输行业内的大规模合并意味着只有一家公司将为大多数托运人提供服务。通常，铁路公司对这些"受牵制的"客户的收费要比有另一竞争对手时高20%~30%。如果托运人认为收费过高，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的"陆路运输委员会"以争取调低价格。但是，这个过程既耗财也耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才奏效。
铁路公司认为对"受牵制的"客户进行区别对待理由充分，其依据是从长远来看这样做会降低所有人的成本。他们辩称，如果铁路公司向所有客户收取同样的均价，一些托运人就会转而选择通过公路或其他交通工具运输，而由剩下的客户来承担铁路正常运作的开销。这种理论得到了多数经济学家的赞同，但在实际操作中，它使铁路公司获得了决定哪家公司兴盛哪家公司倒闭的权利。马丁·贝科维奇是华盛顿一位常常作为托动人代理人的律师，他问道："我们是否真的想让铁路公司成为独裁者，决定在市场上谁胜出谁失败呢？
许多"受牵制的"客户还担心他们很快将遭遇一轮新的大幅涨价。从整体来说，虽然铁路行业财大气粗，但其收入仍然不足以支付为满足猛增的运输量而需要进行的固定资产投资。然而由于有华尔街鼓动，铁路公司仍然继续贷款数十亿美元来进行相互兼并。想想今年南诺弗克公司和CSX公司为兼并康雷公司所花的102亿美元吧。康雷公司1996年铁路运营纯收入为4.27亿美元，还不足这宗交易运作成本的一半。谁来支付其余的费用呢？许多"受牵制的"托运人担心会由他们来承担，因为南诺弗克和CSX公司加强了对市场的控制。
51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because.
cost reduction is based on competition
services call for crosstrade coordination
outside competitors will continue to exist
shippers will have the railway by the throat
52. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
Indifferent.
Supportive.
Indignant.
Apprehensive.
53. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that.
shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad
there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide
overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
a government board ensures fair play in railway business
54. The word "arbiters" (line 7, paragraph 4) most probably refers to those.
who work as coordinators
who function as judges
who supervise transactions
who determine the price
55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by.
the continuing acquisition
the growing traffic
the cheering Wall Street
the shrinking market
第一段中心句：In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. 近几年，铁路公司纷纷合并组成超级集团，这引起人们对垄断行为的极大关注。
第二段中心句：Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.支持铁路集团的人辩解到，兼并将带来成本的大幅降低，能够更好的协调服务。
第三段中心句：The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. 铁路运输行业大规模合并意味着只有一家公司为大多数托运人提供服务。
第四段中心句：Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.铁路公司认为对于主要托运人的费率差是合理的，因为从长远角度考虑这会降低所有人的成本。
第五段中心句：Many captive shippers also worry they wil soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.许多"被控"托运人还担心他们很快将遭遇一轮新的大幅涨价。
Text 4
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great healthcare system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal.We are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by thirdparty payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late stage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet startup in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
据说，在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，而在加利福尼亚死亡则是可以选择的。这也难怪，在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的平均寿命几乎延长了一倍。髋骨坏了可以更换，临床忧郁症可以得到控制，仅用30分钟做手术便可以切除白内障。这些进步给老年人带来了高质量的生活，这在50年前我刚从医时是不可思议的。然而，即使一个强大的医疗卫生体系也无法医治死亡--而无法正视这样一个现实将危及我们自身的伟大。
死亡是正常的。由于基因的排列方式，即使在最理想的环境里我们也注定会解体和死亡。我们所有人或多或少都懂得这一点，但是作为医疗消费者，我们常将死亡视为一个问题来解决。由于医疗费用由第三方支付，所以只要能够使用的手段我们都会要求使用，即使它们不会有任何作用，最明显的例子是对晚期癌症的治疗。由于不能治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，医生常常采用过激的，缺乏科学根据的治疗方法。
1950年，美国花在医疗卫生方面的开支是127亿美元。到了2002年，这项开支将达到15，400亿美元。任何人都明白这个趋势不能持续下去，但是似乎没有几个人愿意扭转这种趋势。有学者认为，由于政府资源有限，对于超过一定年龄的人--比如83岁左右--不应该提供医疗费用以延长其生命了。有人引用科罗拉多州前州长理查德·拉姆的话：年老体弱者"有义务死去，并腾出位置"，让更年轻、更健康的人们去发挥其潜能。
我不会那么极端，现在精力充沛的人们通常能工作到60岁，甚至更久，并仍然具有惊人的创造力。78岁的Viacom公司总裁萨姆勒·雷斯顿曾开玩笑说他只有53岁，最高法院法官司桑德拉·欧康奈现在已70有余，前外科协会主任C·库普80岁时还主管一个互联网公司的初创工作。这些领导人就是活生生的证据证明预防是可行的，同时表明人们能处理随年龄增长而产生的健康问题。作为一名年仅68岁的人，我希望老了以后能像他们一样能干。
然而对于这样的追求，一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的。作为一名医生，我深知最昂贵和最激进的手段也可能是无效的和痛苦的。我也深知在医疗开销少得多的日本和瑞典，人们的寿命比我们长，身体更健康。作为一个民族，我们在寻求无效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在改善人们生活质量的普通治疗方面花钱又太少。
56. What is implied in the first sentence?
Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
Americans are over confident of their medical technology.
Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.
medical resources are often wasted
doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
some treatments are too aggressive
medical costs are becoming unaffordable
58. The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of.
strong disapproval
reserved consent
slight contempt
enthusiastic support
59. In contras to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.
more flexibly
more extravagantly
more cautiously
more reasonably
60. The text intends to express the idea that.
medicine will further prolong people's lives
life beyond a certain limit is not worth living
death should be accepted as a fact of life
excessive demands increase the cost of health care
第一段中心句：But not even a great healthcare system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. 然而，即使一个强大的医疗卫生体系也无法治疗死亡--而无法正视这样一个现实将危及我们自身的伟大。
第二段中心句：We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. 对于这一点我们多少都有所了解，可是作为医疗消费者，我们却把死亡看成是可以解决的问题。
第三段中心句：Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. 何人都能看出这种趋势是无法持续的，然而似乎没有几个人愿意想办法扭转这种趋势。
第四段中心句：I would not go that far. 我不会那么偏激。
第五段中心句：Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. 然而，对于这种追求，一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
"Anthropology" derives from the Greek words "anthropos": "human" and logos "the study of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a fieldstudy oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered firsthand, combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64) Tylor defined culture as"...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
各时期各地区的人们都思考各自的世界，并想知道自己在其中的位置。人类善于思考，又善于创造，拥有永不满足的好奇心。此外，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象。因而，以一种冷静而系统的方式研究人类的丰富性和多样化非常重要，希望研究的结果不仅能够让人类之间更和睦地相处，同时也能让人类与地球上其他形式的生命更加和谐地共存。
"人类学"这个词来源于希腊语anthropos（人类）和logos（研究）。就名字而言，人类学包含了对整个人类的研究。
人类学是社会科学的一部分。社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
社会学学科包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学。每个学科中都有一个分支或专业与人类学联系紧密。
所有社会科学都以研究人类为核心。人类学是一个重视实地考察的学科，在研究中大量使用对比分析法。强调搜集第一手资料，加上分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
人类学分析十分倚重文化概念。爱德华·泰勒爵士对文化概念的阐述是19世纪伟大的科学成就之一。泰勒把文化定义为"......一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。"这种见解简单而深刻，开创了一种认识和理解人类生活的全新方法，泰勒的定义中隐含的一个概念是文化是可以通过学习获得的，可共享的，模式化的行为。
因此，人类学中"文化"的概念就像数学中"集"的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
61. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
[结构分析]
Furthermore, humans have the ability / to modify the environment / in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms / to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
这是一个复合句。furthermore副词作状语修饰整个句子；human have the ability是主句，to modify the environment是不定式作定语修饰名词 the ability；in which...引导的非限制性定语从句修饰名词the environment；thus subjecting ...to...现在分词结构作结果状语。
[词义推敲]
modify the environment 改变环境
subject...to... 使服从、从属于； 在......的影响之下
peculiar(个人或团体)特有的,独具的;独特的
fancy 想象; 想象力; 幻想
[翻译润色]
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境
...thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 从而是让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
[参考译文]
而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
62. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
[结构分析]
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors // in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner // that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
这是一个复合句。Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry 是主句；which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 是定语从句修饰名词intellectual enquiry；that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 是定语从句修饰名词manner。
[词义推敲]
seek to 力图
study humans and their endeavors 研究人类及人类的行为
intellectual enquiry知识探索
dispassioned 不带感情的，客观的
[翻译润色]
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支
which seeks to study humans and their endeavors 它力图研究人类及人类的行为
in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式
that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 自然科学家用于研究自然现象
[参考译文]
社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
63. The emphasis on data gathered firsthand, combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
[结构分析]
The emphasis on data gathered firsthand,// combined with a crosscultural perspective // brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,/ makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
这是一个复合句。The emphasis on data gathered firsthand makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.是主句，其中，过去分词短语gathered firsthand作定语修饰名词data；过去分词短语combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作插入语补充说明前文的主语The emphasis on data gathered firsthand。在该插入语中，过去分词短语brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作后置定语修饰名词perspective。
[词义推敲]
gathered firsthand第一手收集的
combined with加上；和......一起
bring to the analysis of 分析
crosscultural perspective跨文化的视角
[翻译润色]
The emphasis on data gathered firsthand makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.强调收集第一手资料使得这一门研究成为一门独特的并且非常重要的社会科学..., combined with a cross cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, 加上以在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角
[参考译文]
强调收集第一手资料，加之以在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用的跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
64. Tylor defined culture as"...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
[结构分析]
Tylor defined culture / as"...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
这是一个简单句。Tylor defined culture as...that complex whole 是主干。引号里面的部分是宾语，具体是作as的宾语，本句结构为define sth. as ... which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits 是定语从句，修饰complex whole。过去分词短语acquired by man as a member of society作定语，修饰前文并列的名词belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits。
[词义推敲]
define定义
include包括
acquire by通过......而获得
[翻译润色]
Tylor defined culture as"...that complex whole..." 泰勒把文化定义为一个复合整体
which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits 它包括信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯
acquired by man as a member of society 人作为社会成员所获得的
[参考译文]
泰勒把文化定义为"......一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯"。
65. Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
[结构分析]
Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," / like the concept of "set" in mathematics,/ is an abstract concept // which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
这是一个复合句。Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture" is an abstract concept 是主句。定语从句which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding修饰名词concept；短语like the concept of "set" in mathematics是插入语，用来补充说明the anthropological concept of "culture"。
[词义推敲]
abstract concept 抽象概念
make possible....使......成为可能
anthropological 人类学的，人类学上的
immense 极广大的，无边的
concrete 具体的，实在的
[翻译润色]
Tylor defined culture as"...that complex whole..." 泰勒把文化定义为一个复合整体
which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits 它包括信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯
acquired by man as a member of society 人作为社会成员所获得的
[参考译文]
因此，人类学中"文化"概念就像数学中"集"的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
Section Ⅳ Writing
Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
温室花朵经不起风雨
根据漫画不难发现一盆花儿在温室的庇护之下含苞待放，然而离开温室在暴风雨的洗礼之下却凋谢了。漫画反映的是"温室花朵经不起风雨"，即该文章的主题。
根据提纲中的信息1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning,本文开头需要两个段落，即描述漫画段，引出暗含主题段。
根据提纲中的信息2) point out its implications in our life，本篇文章下文要体现出作者对该现象的评论，即这种现象在生活中的具体表现和最后得出的结论。
SAMPLE
How impressive the set of drawings are! In the first drawing, it is strongly windy and heavily rainy outside, and yet the flower in the greenhouse is at its best, without any influence from the terrible weather condition. In the second drawing, however, things are quite different. When exposed to the outside wind and rain, the flower appears weak enough and fails to stand against the bad weather.
What has been discussed above carries great implications for our daily life, esp. how to better educate children. With the standard of living improving, people tend to provide their children with material comfort and as a result, children are often spoiled. They may possibly succeed with the protection of the comfort on the surface. But what if they leave the socalled comfort? To live alone, they can barely do; to face drawbacks, they will never do. Much worse, they'll probably be destroyed by the harsh reality as miserably as the flower.
We can deduce from these two vivid drawings that one can hardly challenge possible drawbacks if he stays in a comfortable surrounding too long a period of time to lack the ability to cope with hardships. Like a tiger that is fostered by man. Set it free in the forest, and it will not possibly survive.
It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the nation. Don't let them bask in the greenhouse all the time. Have they exposed to the outside surrounding and they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.
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