考研网 发表于 2016-8-15 21:55:51

2009考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(28)

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TEXT 2
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.
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There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.
Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now? The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
55. Digital divide is something .
[A] getting worse because of the Internet
[B] the rich countries are responsible for
[C] the world must guard against
[D] considered positive today
56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it .
[A] offers economic potentials
[B] can bring foreign funds
[C] can soon wipe out world poverty
[D] connects people all over the world
57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .
[A] providing financial support overseas
[B] preventing foreign capital's control
[C] building industrial infrastructure
[D] accepting foreign investment
58. It seems that now a country's economy depends much on .
[A] how well developed it is electronically
[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[C] whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
[D] how much control it has over foreign corporations

kythree 发表于 2016-8-15 22:34:59

access5 n.①接近,进入;②入口,通道;③接近(或进入)的方法
adopt4 v.①采用,采纳,通过;②收养
attach4 v.①(to)缚上,系上,贴上;②使依附,使隶属,使依恋;③附加,附带;④把...放在
attention14 n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
billion11 num./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿
business36 n.①商业,生意;②事务,业务,职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业,业务
capital7 n.①首都,首府;②大写字母;③资本,资金;④资产阶级;a.首位的,最重要的,基本的
colonial1 a.殖民(地)的
colony3 n.殖民地
combat1 v./n.战斗,搏斗,格斗
corporation10 n.公司,企业,团体
decade18 n.十年
depend16 v.(on)取决于,依靠,信赖,相信
digital5 a.数字的
division2 n.①分,分割;②部门,科,处;③除法
economic23 a.经济(上)的,经济学的
economy29 n.①节约;②经济
electronic8 a.电子的
enormous4 a.巨大的,庞大的
finance3 n.①财政,金融;②资金;v.为...提供资金
financial11 a.财政的,金融的
former10 a.①前任的;②以前的,在前的;pron.前者
foundation1 n.①基础,根本,建立,创立;②地基,基金,基金会
fund14 n.资金,基金;v.资助,投资
harbor1 n.①港口,海港;②避难所,藏身处;v.隐匿,窝藏,包庇
highway1 n.公路,大路
immigrant10 a.(从国外)移来的,移民的;n.移民,侨民
importance10 n.重要,重要性
industrial12 a.工业的,产业的
information44 n.①通知,报告;②情报,信息
infrastructure5 n.基础设施
invasion1 n.侵入,侵略
invest4 v.投资
investment11 n.投资,投资额
justify8 v.证明...是正当的,为...辩护
loom1 n.织布机,织机;v.隐现,迫近
narrow5 a.狭窄的,狭隘的;v.①限制,限定;②变窄,收缩
optimistic6 a.乐观主义的
overseas2 a.外国的,海外的;ad.在海外
pattern11 n.①模式,式样;②图案,图样;v.仿制,模仿
planet6 n.行星
policy12 n.政策,方针
positive4 a.①确实的,明确的;②积极的,肯定的;③正的,阳性的;④十足的,完全的;n.(摄影)正片
potential13 a.潜在的,可能的;n.潜能,潜力
poverty5 n.贫穷,贫困
powerful10 a.强大的,有力的,有权的
prejudice4 n.①偏见,成见;②损害,侵害;v.抱有(存有)偏见
reason26 n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推论,推理;②说服,评理;③讨论,辩论
recognize8 v.①认出,识别;②承认
responsible11 a.①(for,to)应负责的,有责任的;②可靠的,可信赖的;③责任重大的,重要的
result37 n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
visible2 a.看得见的,可见的
writer10 n.作者,作家
advantage13 n.优势, 有利条件
commercialize1 v.使商业化,使商品化
electronically1 ad.电子地
impoverish1 vt.使贫穷,使枯竭
info1 n.①消息;②资料;③信息
online8 n.联机,在线
outdate1 vt.使过时
sovereignty1 n.君主,主权,主权国家
structural2 a.结构的,建筑的
technological9 a.科技的
telecom3 n.(=telecommunication)电信
universalize1 vt.使一般化,使普遍化

kyone 发表于 2016-8-15 23:10:01

难句1
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor.
[结构分析]
1. 本句句子主干是:... attention is being paid ... to ... digital divide...;
2. 破折号后面名词性短语是对digital divide的解释说明;
[本句难点]主要是破折号后面的名词性结构的理解
[方法对策]本句主句比较简单,破折号后面的内容为digital divide的解释说明成分,可以看作是对digital divide的定义;so called:所谓的;
[例句精译]今天,人们十分关注所谓数字化的信息差异问题--世界被分为信息富有和信息贫穷两部分;
难句2
As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主句结构是:... it is in the interest of business to universalize access ...;
2. 本句句首为as引导的条件状语从句,表示一种伴随的动作;
3. 破折号后面的内容是对前面主句内容的进一步解释说明;
[本句难点]主句结构不好把握,从句内容相对复杂;
[方法对策]首先找出主句,然后再对其他句子成分分析,从而把握整句内容;
[例句精译]随着互联网的日趋商业化,网络普及对商家是有利的--毕竟,上网人数越多,潜在的客户就越多。
难句3
The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主干结构使用了:the more... the better off ...的结构,意为:A越......,B越......;
2. 逗号前面的现在分词结构helping...表示一种伴随的情况;两个逗号之间为Third Wave 垄断的非限制性定语从句;
[本句难点]部分生词影响理解;
[方法对策]capital:资金;Third Wave:第三次浪潮,指信息时代;infrastructure:基础设施,基础结构;better off的原形为well off:富裕的,处境好的;
[例句精译]你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。
55.[答案] C
[解析]本文谈到了利用外资,建好基础设施,扩充互联网从而消灭贫困等问题。穷国富国在信息化上的差异不会因互联网而扩大,反而会随着互联网的普及而缩小,故A错。富国应该对这种差异负责吗?文中没说,故B错。穷富国的信息差异是好事吗?不可能,故D也错。从首段可以得出结论选C。
56.[答案] A
[解析]由第二段可以看到,因互联网的商业化和推广会带来许多潜在用户,各国惟恐落后,纷纷普及网络。由此可知,一些国家和政府重视互联网是因为其"经济上的潜力",故选A。至于C,文章并未讲互联网可以"soon"消灭世界贫穷。注意:本题问的是"Governments"重视互联网的原因,只能从文章中"Governments"前后去找答案。
57.[答案] D
[解析]作者举美国为例,是为了证明"吸引外资"的正确性从而说服贫困国家放弃成见来吸引外资。
58.[答案] A
[解析]本文末段讲第三次浪潮的基础设施,主要指电子基础设施。(原文:"The more foreign capital you have helping you...")。至于C,原文讲应学习美国吸引外资,并未提一定要学美国"工业模式"。

kyfour 发表于 2016-8-16 00:44:39

今天,人们十分关注所谓数字化的信息差异问题--世界被分为信息富有和信息贫穷两部分;这个差异确实存在,我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个面临的危险。然而,那时还不太明显的是我们没有看到有一些抵制信息差异的、新的积极因素的存在。现在我们是完全有理由感到乐观的。
一些技术上的因素使我们有理由期望差异会缩小。随着互联网的日趋商业化,网络普及对商家是有利的--毕竟,上网人数越多,潜在的客户就越多。越来越多的政府,惟恐自己的国家落后,纷纷推广互联网的普及。一二十年之内,全球将有一二十亿人互联。因此,我认为在未来的数年中,信息差异将缩小而不会变大。那是好消息,因为互联网很可能成为我们消除所面临的贫困的最强有效的工具。
当然,使用互联网不是惟一消灭贫困的方法。互联网也不是我们所拥有的惟一工具,但它却有巨大的潜力。
要想利用互联网,某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。那些认为外国投资是对本国主权的侵犯的国家最好还是研究一下美国的基础设施(社会的基本结构基础)建设历史。当初美国建设自己的工业基础设施时,缺乏必要的资金。因此美国的第二次浪潮基础设施--包括公路、港口,高速公路、港口城市等等--都是用国外资金建造的。英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在这个前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金,美洲移民建造。想想看,现在谁拥有这一切?美国人。我想在巴西或其他任何地方,同样的事也会变成现实。你拥有的去建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,那么你的情况就越好。这并不意味着屈从和受人蒙骗,也不是对外国公司不加控制。但这的确意味着你已认识到外国公司对本国能源及通信基础设施建设的重要性,这些基础设施是充分利用互联网所必要的。
55. 数字化的信息差异是某种差异。
[A] 因为互联网而加大的
[B] 富裕国家应该负责的
[C] 全世界应该预防的
[D] 如今被认为是具有积极作用的
56. 政府之所以重视互联网,是因为互联网。
[A] 提供经济发展的潜力
[B] 能带来外国投资
[C] 能很快消除贫穷
[D] 把世界各地的人们连接起来
57. 作者提到美国这个例子是为了证明的政策是正确的。
[A] 向海外提供经济援助
[B] 防止外国资本的控制
[C] 建设工业基础设施
[D] 接受外国投资
58. 现在看来,一个国家的经济似乎很大程度上取决于。
[A] 该国在电子方面的发展程度有多高
[B] 该国是否歧视移民
[C] 该国是否采用美国的工业模式
[D] 该国控制外国公司的力度有多大
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