考研网 发表于 2016-8-15 21:55:40

2009考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(23)

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TEXT 1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
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Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter.He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself."Who is that?" the new arrival asked St.Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off the cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up"or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements.Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
41. To make your humor work, you should .
[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience
[B] make fun of the disorganized people
[C] address different problems to different people
[D] show sympathy for your listeners
42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .
[A] impolite to new arrivals
[B] very conscious of their godlike role
[C] entitled to some privileges
[D] very busy even during lunch hours
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services .
[A] have benefited many people
[B] are the focus of public attention
[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor
[D] have often been the laughing stock
44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .
[A] in well worded language
[B] as awkwardly as possible
[C] in exaggerated statements
[D] as casually as possible
45. The best title for the text may be .
[A] Use Humor Effectively
[B] Various Kinds of Humor
[C] Add Humor to Speech
[D] Different Humor Strategies

kyfive 发表于 2016-8-15 22:32:58

accommodation1 n.①住宿,留宿;②膳宿供应;住房
achieve12 v.①完成,实现;②达到,达成,获得
address4 n.地址,通讯处,致词;v.①致函,写姓名地址;②向...讲话;③处理
appropriate9 a.(to)适当的,恰如其分的;vt.拨给
attempt6 v.(to)尝试,试图;n.(at)企图,努力
attention14 n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
audience5 n.①听众,观众,读者;②谒见,会见
awkward1 a.①笨拙的,不灵活的;②棘手的,尴尬的;③使用不便的
benefit16 n.利益,好处,恩惠;v.①有益于;②(from,by)受益
canteen2 n.食堂
casual3 a.①偶然的,碰巧的;②临时的,非正式的;③随便的,放松的
cause28 n.①原因,理由;②事业,事件,奋斗目标;v.使产生,引起
comment5 n.注释,评论,意见;v.(on)注释,评论
conscious5 a.①(of)意识到的,自觉的;②有意识的,神志清醒的
convention5 n.①大会,会议;②惯例,常规,习俗;③公约,协定
deliver2 v.①交付,递送;②发表,表达,陈述;③释放;④接生
delivery3 n.传递,传送,交付
depend16 v.(on)取决于,依靠,信赖,相信
doctor12 n.①博士;②医生;v.伪造,篡改
entitle2 v.①给以权利(或资格);②给...以称号;③给...题名
exaggerate2 v.夸大,夸张
experience18 n.经验,经历;v.体验,经历
eyebrow2 n.眉毛
familiar5 a.①(with,to)熟悉的,通晓的;②亲近的;③通常的,普通的
focus12 n.焦点,(活动,兴趣等的)中心;v.(on/upon)使聚集,集中
grab1 v./n.①(at)抓(住);②夺(得)
humor5 n.幽默,诙谐
humorous1 a.幽默的,诙谐的
identify10 v.①识别,鉴别;②(with)把...和...看成一样,打成一片
imply12 v.意指,含...意思,暗示
infer21 v.推论,推断
inject2 v.注射,注入
intend15 v.想要,打算,企图
manner7 n.①方式,方法;②态度,举止;③[pl.]风度,礼貌;④规矩;⑤风俗
notorious1 a.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的
post3 v.①贴出;②宣布,公告;③投寄,邮寄;n.①(支)柱,标杆;②邮政,邮寄;③职位,岗位,哨所
privilege4 n.特权,优惠,特许;v.享有特权,特许
quote5 v.引用,援引
relax1 v.(使)松驰,放松
relevant5 a.①(to)有关的,相应的;②适当的,中肯的;③实质性的,有重大意义的
remark7 n.(about,on)评语,议论,意见;v.①(on)评论,谈论;②注意到,察觉
resent3 v.对...表示忿恨,怨恨
result37 n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
role22 n.①角色;②作用,任务
sentence9 n.①句子;②判决,宣判;v.宣判,判决
statement7 n.声明,陈述
stick5 n.棍,棒,手杖;v.①刺,戳,扎;②粘合,附着;③坚持,固守
stock9 n.①备料,库存,现货;②股票,公债;③无生命之物;④群,家庭,家系;v.储存
story11 n.①描述;②故事;③报道;④谎话;⑤楼层
strategy6 n.战略,策略
subject13 n.①主题,题目;②学科,科目;③主语;a.(to)易遭...的,受...支配的;v.(to)使遭到,使服从
sympathy5 n.同情,同情心,赞同
system31 n.①系统,体系;②制度,体制
title6 n.①书名,标题;②头衔,称号
twist1 v.①捻,搓;②绞,拧;③歪曲,曲解;n.①搓,拧;②扭转,扭弯;③曲解(意思)
unexpected2 a.想不到的,意外的
view28 n.①景象,风景;②观点,见解;③观察,观看;④眼界;v.看待,观察,考虑
word36 n.①词,单词;②[常pl.]话;③消息,传说;④诺言,保证;v.用言语表达
advantage13 n.优势, 有利条件
alternatively1 ad.作为选择,二者择一地
apparently4 ad.显然地
awkwardly1 ad.笨拙地,无技巧地
casually1 ad.偶然地,随便地,临时地
cuff1 n.①袖口;②(off the ~)即席地,非正式地
disorganize1 v.扰乱,使紊乱,打乱
disparage1 vt.蔑视
effectively3 ad.有效地,有力地
exaggeration2 n.夸张,夸大之词
godlike1 a.似神的,庄严的,与神相称的
inappropriate2 a.不适当的,不相称的
inedible1 a.不适于食用的,不能吃的
listener7 n.收听者,听众
scapegoat1 n.替罪羊
stomp1 n.跺脚;v.践踏,跺脚
unbelieving1 a.不相信的,多疑的
understatement1 n.保守的陈述
unforced1 a.自然的,不勉强的

kythree 发表于 2016-8-15 23:55:27

难句1
Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:Your humor must be relevant to ... and should help to ... ,其中的must be和should help为并列谓语,其后分别是各自的宾语;
2. show的宾语是用or连接、that引导的并列宾语从句;
[本句难点]主要是并列谓语以及第二个谓语后面有两个宾语从句,从而影响对句子的理解;
[方法对策]找出主句的主干结构,然后注意show后面两个并列的宾语从句就可以比较好的理解本句;
[例句精译]你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况,赞同他们的观点。
难句2
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.
[结构分析]
1. 本句的主句为用and连接的两个并列分句;
2. 第一个分句主干结构为:... you will be in a position ...,第二个分句主干结构:itll be appropriate for you to ...,此分句使用了it is ... for sb. to do sth.的句型结构;
3. 句首为if引导的条件状语从句,其中包含一个which引导的定语从句修饰the group;
4.第一个分句中,包含一个which引导的定语从句,修饰the experiences and problems;
[本句难点]句子比较长,其中的主句和从句关系均比较复杂;
[方法对策]首先找出主句的两个并列分句的主干结构,然后再分析从句和其他成分;
[例句精译]如果你是你谈话听众中的一员,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。
难句3
Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark.
[结构分析]
1. 本句可以看作是so连接的表示因果关系的并列句,逗号前为第一个分句,逗号后为第二个分句;
2. 第一个分句是it is ... that/which强调结构,这里强调的是主语the delivery;
3. 第二个分句是祈使句,谓语动词为speak和remember,remember后面是一个宾语从句;
4.此宾语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句,做show的宾语;
[本句难点]主要是从句关系复杂;
[方法对策]找出主句和从句的关系,然后再分析各自的主干结构,本句就比较好理解;
[例句精译]常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
41.[答案] C
[解析]本文讲了要想说话幽默那你就必须了解你说话的对象,站在他们的立场去讲话才能引起共鸣,这样的笑话才有效果。所以应选C,对不同的人谈不同的话题(注意address为动词,"向......发言"的意思)。而D同情你的听众则是对原文"you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view"(了解他们的情况,赞同他们的观点)的一种篡改,属于细节题中的偷换概念。
42.[答案] B
[解析]除文章看懂外,问题也要彻底看懂才行。选项B中conscious 一词的英语解释是"aware,knowing by oneself",因此,B项可译为"有一种象上帝一样的自我感觉",当然是标准答案了。因为在护士眼里医生们习惯了指导别人、发布命令、高高在上。 至于C,(在护士看来)医生们是享有这种特权的。此为对医生的正面评价,护士们肯定不会这么想。
43.[答案] D
[解析]这是一道推理题。公共服务行业是指邮局、电话局之类。由第三段末句可知:嘲笑他们是没有任何问题的。由此可知,他们已成为了大众笑柄。
44.[答案] D
[解析]问:"要想取得理想的效果,幽默故事应该怎么讲?"综合第四段作者所讲的内容,参照其中作者所使用的形容词(natural,casual,offthecuff,relaxed及unforced),可以看出,作者实际主张"尽可能轻松随意地"讲幽默故事,那样才能取得自然的效果。可见,D"尽可能随意地"应是正确答案。A"措辞恰当地",仅仅是摘用了末段中的个别词汇来制造干扰;B"尽可能生硬地"与作者观点正好相反;C"用夸大的言词"是幽默故事的特点之一,既没有回答问题,又过于片面。
45.[答案] A
[解析]这是一道主旨题。大家知道,这类问题应该把文章每段首句串起来,这样即可发现A为选项。甚至第一段的首句中还有use一词呢!这就更促使我们下决心选A。

kyfive 发表于 2016-8-16 00:54:02

如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何辨别你与听众之间共同的经历和共同的问题。你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况,赞同他们的观点。针对不同的听众,要谈的问题也应该不同。如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法紊乱;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以揶揄他们老板的工作方法紊乱。
下面举一个例子,它是我在一个护士大会上听到的,这个笑话效果很好,因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。一个人到了天堂,由圣·彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。每个人都很平和、礼貌和友善,然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时,突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁,只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓起他的食物,噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。"这是谁啊?"新来的人问圣·彼得。"哦,那是上帝,"他回答说,"但有时也认为自己是一名医生。"
如果你是你谈话听众中的一员,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此藐视之词。如果你选择拿邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊开涮,那你就不会得罪任何人。
如果你在幽默时感到很生硬,你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。(练习幽默)包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
留意幽默,它常常有出人意料的效果。它可以是一句常言的正话反说,如"你要是一开始不成功,就放弃",或者是玩弄语言和情景。夸张和重事轻说中皆有幽默。考虑一下你的谈话,选出一些词汇和句子,颠倒它们的秩序,并注入一些幽默。
41. 要想使你的幽默奏效,你应该。
[A] 利用不同的听众
[B] 取笑那些缺乏条理的人
[C] 对不同的人谈不同的话题
[D] 同情你的听者
42. 在护士看来,有关医生的笑话暗示,在护士眼中:医生。
[A] 对新来的人不礼貌
[B] 自我感觉像上帝一样
[C] 是有特权的
[D] 连午餐时都很忙
43. 从本文可推知:公共服务行业(如邮局、电话局等)。
[A] 为许多人带来了利益
[B] 是公众关注的焦点
[C] 不适合作幽默话题
[D] 常常被人当作笑料
44. 要想达到预期效果,应当以讲幽默故事。
[A] 措辞恰当的
[B] 尽可能生硬的表情
[C] 夸张的言辞
[D] 尽可能随意的表情
45. 本文的最佳标题可能是。
[A] 有效地使用幽默
[B] 各种各样的幽默
[C] 在谈话中要添加幽默
[D] 不同的幽默策略
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