2009年考研英语大作文经典范文(4)
应用文写作书信写作
总论
书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。值得注意的是，英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别，应特别加以区分。
一、书信的写作格式
英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍。
1. 关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：
① 年份应完全写出，不能简写。
② 月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。
③ 月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。
④ 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，......28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ...... 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。
2. 日期可有下列几种写法：
① Oct. 20, 2004
② 10 May., 2004
③ 3rd June, 2004
④ Sept. 16th, 2004
其中，①最为通用。
3. 称呼（Salutation）
给外国人写英文信时，称呼用语要注意以下几点：
① 对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。
② 对女性一般称呼 Mrs.，Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。
③ 对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Professor （缩写为 Prof.），Doctor （缩写为 Dr.），General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. （Phil）White等。
④ 对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
⑤ 对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman，（Dear）Mr. Premier， （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies）。
⑥ 对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。
⑦ 对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。
收信人称呼 ：
先生（男人）Mr./Esq.
夫人（已婚）Mrs.
小姐（未婚）Miss
夫人、小姐统称Ms.
夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.
两位或两位以上男子Messrs
两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames
两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses
常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下：
教授Professor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)
医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)
总统或校长President
主席或董事长Chairman
副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman
副总统或副校长Vice President
首相Prime Minister
总理Premier
省长或州长Governor
市长Mayor
参议员Senator
大使Ambassador
秘书长Secretary General
一秘First Secretary
二秘Second Secretary
院长Director,Dean
副院长Vice Director
系主任Dean,Head,Chair
馆长Chief Librarian,Curator
阁下Excellency
神甫Father
4. 信的正文（Body of the Letter）
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补叙。
5. 结束语（Complimentary Close）
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。
私人和公务信函--常用句式
常用的起首语：
1) Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.
2) Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.
3) A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.
4) Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.
5) Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.
6) In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say...
7) Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.
8) What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9) It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.
10) First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .
11) With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that ...
12) I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.
13) I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.
14) I am too excited and delighted at your good news.
15) I am very obliged to ;you for your warm congratulations....
常用的结束语：
1) Awaiting your good news,
2) Looking forward to your early reply,
3) Hoping to hear from you soon,
4) We await your good news.
5) I hope to hear from you very soon.
6) We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
7) I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.
8) Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
9) Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.
10) The help you give me is sincerely valued.
11) I hope everything will be well with you .
12) Please let us know if you want more information.
13) I hope you always enjoy yourself.
14) I wish you very success in the coming year.
15) Please remember me to your family.
16) With best regards to your family.
17) All the best.
18) With love and good wishes.
一、申请信
1. 申请信主要用于求职或求学,目的是要对方充分了解自己的目的和资格.因此,申请信必须简明扼要,突出重点.申请信可以是针对招聘广告写的,也可以市直接递交给某个单位的.申请信要求语言规范,信息正式,既不能夸张,也不必过于谦虚.申请信的结构一般包括:申请目标,自述理由,介绍资格,请求面试和期待回音等. 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。
2. 正文主要有3部分:
(1)说明得知消息的来源
(2)介绍自己的个人信息及其个人经历
(3)留下个人的联系方式
3. 推荐模板
Date
Dear ...,
I am writing to apply for... Here is my personal information for you.
...
If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful.
Enclosed are my score reports on all subjects and two recommendations.
Yours sincerely,
Name...
Date
Dear ...,
I am writing to express my great interest in ..., and I'd like to apply as ...
....
I would be very grateful if you grant me an interview.
Yours sincerely,
Name...
4. 常用表达方式:
(1) I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college as well as application forms...
(2) I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in your university.
(3) Thank you very much for the information you sent me about your college and for the application forms, which I am returning with three letters of recommendation, a certified copy of my transcript and...
(4) Thank you for your enquiry about the possibility of coming as a Visiting Scholar to the Department of... We should be very pleased to welcome you here, and to invite you to participate in the activities of the Department.
(5) And I am looking forward your early reply
(6) If you want to know more about me, please contact me at...
Sample
Directions: Write a letter to a university to apply for further study, write about 100 words. You do not need to write the address.
July20,
Dear Sirs,
(1) I am interested in graduate study in physics, with the ultimate goal of teaching at the college level, and would like to talk with you about the requirements of your department.
(2) After my graduation from Peking University in 2000, I worked for several years before my marriage as a teacher in Open College. During that time I completed three graduate courses at Zhe Jiang University, but did not finish my master's degree. (3) A resume of my background and experience is enclosed.
I could probably manage almost a full schedule if necessary. However, I would prefer to begin on a more limited basis if this could be arranged.
(4) I will call your office in a few days for an appointment.
Yours sincerely,
Kim
时间
称呼语
(1) 说明想要申请的部门
套语 I am interested in...对...十分感兴趣
开头直接表明自己有意向继续深造
(2) 然后简述个人经历
从北京大学毕业后,结婚前在Open College当了几年老师
(3) A resume of my background and experience is enclosed.
并说明已附上简历.
(4)表示会亲自拜访
落款
July20,
Dear Sirs,
(1) I am interested in attending your college to prepare myself for a career in teaching, probably at the secondary level, and would like take the chance to talk with you about certification requirements and the programs open to me at Open University.
(2) As my two children (aged four and six) still require considerable attention, I am not free at present to attend school on a full-time basis. However, I would like to begin as soon as possible if a part-time program can be arranged.
(3) I am a graduate of London University, class of 1996, where I majored in English and minored in mathematics. My choice of teaching filed would probably be one of these two subjects.
(4) Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. I will call your office in a few days for an appointment.
Faithfully yours,
Jane
时间
称呼语
(1)说明写信的目的是为以后的教师生涯做准备
prepare myself for a career in 为...作准备
(2)说明自己的具体情况
由于两个小孩需要照顾,现在还不能上全天课,希望能上业余的课程
(3) 介绍自己的学历
minored in 辅修...
(4) 结束语 Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience.已附上自己的经历和学历情况
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