考研英语考前30天狂背作文(25)
15Study the following reportage carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. interpret the reportage;
2. point out the reasons for the problem；
3. suggest possible ways to solve the problem.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
本报记者报道自20世纪70年代末以来，中国的离婚率持续上升。离婚水平已超过邻国日本和韩国，与新加坡同属亚洲离婚率较高的国家。这是近日中国社会科学院人口学专家唐灿发布的调研报告中指出的。这份报告还写到，据2003年北京市统计年鉴公布的数据，2002年北京市的离婚总数为38756对，当年户籍人口为1136.3万，粗离婚率达到6.82‰；当年的结婚对数为76136对，由此计算离结率高达50.90%。也就是说，这一年平均不到两对夫妻结婚就有一对夫妻离婚，北京市的离婚率已经成为全国最高。这是一道相当特殊的题目，是就一段汉语的新闻报道命题，提纲却是传统的模式。这类题目出现的比率不大，我们在本书中穿插了个别这样的题目主要是为了拓展大家的视野，而且这类题目所涉及的主题也是非常重要的，很有可能以图画题或图表题等主流形式考查到。According to the above news report, the divorce rate in China keeps increasing since 1970s, and now is higher than that in Japan and Korea. It was also reported that the ratio of divorced couples to married couples reached 1 to 2 in 2002 in Beijing.
From my point of view, the problem of high divorce rate in our country can be analyzed from three perspectives. To begin with, owing to economic development and womens liberation, the traditional family mode has changed greatly. Now in most cases the two parties of a marriage are psychologically and economically independent. Second, because of the higher living standard and onechild policy, many young people have shaped a selfcentered personality, which is liable to result in lack of mutual care and understanding. Third, when all the social members become more and more openminded, people are less restricted to the traditional conception of marriage. Third parties, extramarital love and online marriage all pose great threats to the legal marriage.
As we all know, healthy marriages are beneficial not only to the couples themselves, but also to the growth of the children and to the stability of the whole society. Therefore, it is worthwhile to make efforts to reduce the divorce rate. Before they get married, young couples should be emotionally and psychologically well prepared for all possible conditions and changes in marriage. Furthermore, school and family education should help enhance the sense of responsibility, which is not only the key to a healthy marriage but also to a successful career.文章共分三段。第一段是将新闻报道中最重要的信息提炼出来，这是看大家的基本功是否扎实。第二段给出了该现象的原因。第三段是解决问题的办法。
第一段共有两句话，第一句话说国内的离婚率一路攀升，已超过了日本和韩国。第二句话说北京的离结率已高达1∶2。
第二段是写原因的段落，共分三个方面来写。第一点写传统家庭模式的巨大变化。第二点写年轻人以自我为中心的人格特征，容易导致相互关爱与理解的缺失。第三点说人们的传统婚姻家庭观念的松动。
第三段写解决办法。先说健康的婚姻对夫妻、孩子和社会均有益，推导出减少离婚率是很有意义的事。首先说年轻人应在结婚时做好准备，以应对婚姻中的各种情形及变化。另外，学校和家庭教育应着重加强他们的责任感，这对婚姻和事业都是大有益处的。 该文是特殊的出题方式，考试中遇到特殊的形式，也不必慌乱，一定要看清楚具体的要求，这样就可以有的放矢了。看到熟悉的方式甚至题目，也不要过于欣喜，一定要把优势转化成胜势。
该文有许多好的语言点值得学习。
首段的news report相当于提纲中的reportage，意思是"新闻报道"。
次段首句的perspective意思是"角度"。第四句的onechild policy表示计划生育的"独生子女政策"，selfcentered personality表示"以自我为中心的个性"，mutual care and understanding表示"相互关爱和理解"。第五句中的openminded表示"思想开明的"。第六句中的pose great threats to表示"对......构成重大威胁"。
第三段中的enhance the sense of responsibility表示"加强责任感"。
16Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures;
2. interpret their meaning;
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
在写作中，审题这个环节是非常重要的。在图画作文中，我们不仅要仔细审视图画，还应将英文的提纲看清楚。这篇文章配了双图，双图多是表示对比关系，这里是凸显时间的先后。提纲包括三个部分：描写图画、阐释含义和指出后果，这就决定了我们文章的结构走向。Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, "He seems to be drunk." Another whispered, "His head and hands seem to be bleeding." In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, "Why didnt send him to hospital?" The first one said, "I was hurrying to work." The second one said, "I was hurrying to school."
It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.
This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.
If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
这篇文章最终写成了四段，结构非常清晰。第一段分别描写了两副图画，语言简洁流畅。注意这一段不宜过长。
第二段是测度作者的意图，共三句话，第一句是一个经典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to... 这句话直指图画所揭示的社会现象，后面两句来具体说明：先说许多人千方百计找理由以逃避帮助他人；然后解释原因，他们认为......注意段中句子之间的逻辑关系，这是非常重要的。
第三段写了该现象引起的有害的后果，该段的首句是个经典的模板句，后分两点来说明。第一点说明当人们不愿意帮助他人时，事故所造成的危险就会大得多，因为那样的话每个人能依靠的人（即亲人和朋友）是非常有限的。这一点的第二句话是个难句，展现了很强的句子内部的逻辑，希望大家用心学习。这句话的意思是：每个人都会遇到事故，而相互帮助可以避免大部分的事故造成毁灭性的后果。到这里，我们可以看出，思想是由语言表达的，要想深刻地表达思想，一定要多模仿、多操练。第二点是从更广阔的角度去考虑问题，说明获得幸福生活的可能性减小了。社会充满了自私的人们，获得成功的社会成本陡增。
末段是结语--如果我们想要享受幸福的生活，就应向他人（包括陌生人）伸出援手。
第二段的第二句中的shirk ones responsibility表示"逃避责任"。第三段第二句的emergency表示"紧急情况"。第三句的destructive表示"造成重大损害的"。第五句的in face of表示"面临"。最后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示"合作成为一种习惯"。1．文章的结构层次一定要清楚，这是充分理解提纲与图画构成语境的结果。
2．学习写作主从复合句，充分理解句子内部的逻辑关系。通过本文，重点学习条件状语从句。
典型的条件状语从句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.
嵌套原因状语从句的条件状语从句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
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