2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(22)
取自：Text 2
To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
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For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to.
［A］ call on scientists to take some actions
［B］ criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
［C］ warn of the doom of biomedical research
［D］ show the triumph of the animal rights movement
47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .
［A］ cruel but natural
［B］ inhuman and unacceptable
［C］ inevitable but vicious
［D］ pointless and wasteful
48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's .
［A］ discontent with animal research
［B］ ignorance about medical science
［C］ indifference to epidemics
［D］ anxiety about animal rights
49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should .
［A］ communicate more with the public
［B］ employ hi-tech means in research
［C］ feel no shame for their cause
［D］ strive to develop new cures
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .
［A］ a well known humanist
［B］ a medical practitioner
［C］ an enthusiast in animal rights
［D］ a supporter of animal research
核心词汇：
advocate n.辩护者，拥护者，鼓吹者vt.拥护，提倡（ad增强+voc+ate动词后缀→增强声音→拥护）
allegation n.主张，断言, 辩解（allega+ion名词后缀）
argument n.争论(吵)，辩论；理由;论证
assure vt.使确信，使放心（of）；向......保证（as→再+sure→一再肯定→确信）
biomedical 生物医学的（bio生物+medic医疗+al形容词后缀）
brochure n.小册子
bypass n.(by pass)旁道vt.绕过
compassionate a.有同情心的(com共同+pass感情+ion名词后缀→共同感情→同情+ate形容词后缀→富有同情心的)
cruel a.残忍的,残酷的
deceptive a.骗人的，容易使人上当的(de坏＋cept拿，抓，握住+ive形容词后缀→拿坏的东西来→欺骗性的)
deliberate a.深思熟虑的,故意的vt.研讨,商讨
ember n.灰烬，多用复数形式。
epidemic a.流行性的;传染的n.流行病;传播（epi在......周围+dem+ic形容词后缀→在人们周围的→流行的）
extinguish v.熄灭;消灭;结束;压制;使黯然失色;偿清（ex+stingu+ish动词后缀→把刺拿出去→刺引申为火焰→灭火）
fur n.毛,毛皮
ignorance n.无知,愚昧;不知道（ignor（e）+ance名词后缀）
institution n.公共机构;协会;学校;研究所;制度;惯例（设立出的制度）（in进入+stiute+ion名词后缀→建立→制度）
paraphrase n./v.释意,解释（para+phrase），para前缀表"在旁边、辅助"，phrase即"短语；用短语表达"，故"用短语辅助表达"→释意。以para为前缀的单词还有：paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点
perplex v.使困惑,使费解,使复杂化（per完全+plex→始终重叠→迷惑）
recruit v.征募（新兵），吸收；补充n.新成员，新兵（re+cruit）
respond v.回答,响应,作出反应（re回+spond→承诺回去→回答）
statesman n.政治家,国务活动家
strive v.奋斗,努力
ultimate a.最后的,最终的;根本的
vaccine n.疫苗(vacc（a）+ine)，vacca是拉丁文"牛"（开头两字母V和A表带角牛头），ine后缀多用于医药名词（如medicine），该词是当初科学家发表"牛痘"论文时创造的。vaccination（接种疫苗）←vaccin（e）+ation名词后缀
vicious a.恶毒的,凶残的,邪恶的
难句分析：
难句1
All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.
［分析］此句的谓语动词是后边的is，主语中心词是all。all的后边接了一个that引导的定语从句，谓语动词is的后边是一个表语从句。此句中两个that有不同用法，第一个that在定语从句当中充当主语，第二个that是引导表语从句的，不充当成分。
［译文］"受人误导的事业如果要成功，它惟一需要的是好人无所作为"。
难句2
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.
［分析］此句逗号的前边是主句，主句可以缩为"Scientists need to respond to advocates"。逗号的后边是一个非限制性定语从句，whose指代的是animal rights advocates。and把confusing和threatening连接了起来。
［译文］科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者予以有力的回击，因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到保健知识和保健服务的发展。
难句3
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines.
［分析］此句主干是"...a woman was distributing a brochure..."。现在分词短语staffing an animal rights booth作woman的后置定语。brochure的后边跟了一个that引导的定语从句，限定修饰brochure。anything的后边也接一个定语从句限定修饰anything。
［译文］例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老太太站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品--肉类，毛皮，药物。
难句4
To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
［分析］此句的主干结构在最后一个逗号的后边，即"animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。" 此句其他部分 To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines 的主干成分是to those，those的后边跟了一个who引导的定语从句。
［译文］许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验往好处说是浪费，往坏处说是残忍。
文章类型：时文--自然科学--动物保护
文章通过举例说明许多动物权益保护者并不了解生物医学的真实情况和意义，而一味地反对。针对这一点，作者指出科学家应采取措施与大众多交流，避免由于人们的无知而阻碍了生物医学的发展。
试题解析：
46. 作者在文章开始引用埃德蒙德·博克的话是为了
［A］ 号召科学家采取某些行动。
［B］ 批评被误导的维护动物权利运动。
［C］ 警告生物医学研究的厄运。
［D］ 表明动物权利运动的胜利。
中心主旨题【正确答案】 ［A］
这道题考查了考生对文章主旨要义的理解。篇首的话在篇尾得到了呼应："If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress."。一首一尾的呼应突出了这篇文章的中心：呼唤科学家们采取行动，切勿让人们的无知阻碍了医学的发展。所以应该选［A］项
47. 被误导的人们往往认为，在研究中使用动物
［A］ 残忍但正常。
［B］ 不人道，不可接受。
［C］ 不可避免但不道德。
［D］ 没有意义，纯属浪费。
细节事实题【正确答案】［B］
解题关键在于文章前两段和第三段的最后一句，从中，我们可知，受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中，［B］最符合原文。
48. 老太太的例子是用来表示，公众
［A］ 对动物研究不满。
［B］ 不了解医疗科学。
［C］ 对流行病漠不关心。
［D］ 担心动物的权利。
例证题【正确答案】［B］
解题关键在于是否理解论据在文章中的作用，是否能从众多信息中找出作者的观点。这个例子说的是一位老太太号召大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。第二段最后一句话感叹："Such wellmeaning people just don't understand."（这些好心人压根就不明白）。注意，文章的重点不在描写公众有多愤怒，而在于指出公众不满的根源--对医学研究不了解，然后呼唤科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。所以老太太的例子反映的是公众的无知。［B］项符合此意。
49. 作者认为，面对来自动物权利倡导者的挑战，科学家应该
［A］ 多与公众交流。
［B］ 在研究中采用高科技手段。
［C］ 不要因为他们的运动感到羞愧。
［D］ 努力研发新的治疗方法。
细节事实题【正确答案】 ［A］
该题考查的是考生对作者观点的理解，解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都是有助于他们与公众更好的交流。所以选择［A］项。
50. 根据本文，我们了解到，史蒂芬·库珀是
［A］ 一位著名的人道主义者。
［B］ 一名医生。
［C］ 一名动物权利的热心支持者。
［D］ 一名动物研究的支持者。
推理题【正确答案】 ［D］
解题关键在于最后一段，其中"Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients... Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research..."。从这句话中，我们知道库柏是个名人，也是病患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。所以，我们可以推断出他是支持动物研究的。答案是［D］项。
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