考研网 发表于 2016-8-15 21:48:52

2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(8)

取自:


Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of datarich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
订阅收藏《2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解》系列文章
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other assets", says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders." Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affaires may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lack of legal penalty(in America, but not Europe)for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million creditcard accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission(FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36. The statement "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce   
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss board relations.   
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out   
[A] whether there is any weak point.
[B] what sort of data has been stolen.
[C] who is responsible for the leakage.
[D] how the potential spies can be located.
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
[A] shareholders' interests should be properly attended to.
[B] information protection should be given due attention.
[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[A] see the link between trust and data protection.
[B] perceive the sensitive of personal data.
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.
40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.
[B] FTC's decision is essential to data security.
[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.
[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.

kytwo 发表于 2016-8-15 22:46:47

核心词汇:
account a.叙述,说明;账目,账户vi.说明,解释
accounting n.会计学(account计算)
agenda n.议事日程,记事册(ag+end名词后缀+a表复数名词→待做的事情→议程)
asset n.(pl.)资产,财产;有价值的物品;天赋(as=ad朝向+set=sat充足→走向富裕→有财产)
comply v.遵照,照做,应允;顺从,服从(com共同+ply→共同的观点→同意);
compliance n.遵从,顺从
corporation n.市镇自治机关;法人;公司,企业
dim a.暗淡的,模糊的
disclose v.揭示,泄露(dis打开+close关闭→打开关闭起来的东西→揭发)
diverse a.多种多样的,(from)不同的(di分开+vers+e→转开了→不同的)
executive n.总经理,行政负责人a.执行的,实施的
feeble a.虚弱的,无力的
govern v.统治,管理;决定,支配;governance n.管理,统治,控制
headline n.大字标题,新闻标题(head+line字行→头一行字→标题)
intricate a.复杂的,错综的,难以理解的
justify v.证明......正当(或有理、正确),为......辩护(just公正,正当+ify动词后缀→证明......是正当的)
leak v.漏,泄漏n.漏洞,漏隙;泄漏,漏出;leakage n.泄漏
legislation n.法律(规);立法,法律的制定(或通过)(legislat(e)+ion名词后缀)
massive a.大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的,大量的(mass+ive形容词后缀)
mystery n.秘密,谜 ; 神秘(myster神话+ry名词后缀→神秘;神秘的事物)
nasty a.肮脏的,卑劣的,下流的;令人厌恶的
odd a.奇数的;奇怪的;单只的;临时的;带零头的
peer n.同辈,同等地位的人;贵族v.凝视
penalty n.刑罚; 处罚; 惩罚 ;施加的惩罚; 不利、苦恼或不便(penal+ty名词后缀→惩罚)
redundant a.多余的,过剩的;(食物)丰富的;被解雇的(red反复+und+ant→反复波动→多余的);
redundancy n.冗余,多余
regulate vi.管制,控制;调节,校准;调整;
regulation n.规则,规章;调节,校准;调整
sensitive a.敏感的(sens+itive形容词后缀)
suit v.合适,适合;相配,适应n.一套西服;诉讼
theft n.偷窃(行为),偷窃罪
victim n.牺牲品,受害者
vulnerable a.易受攻击的;vulnerabilityn. 易受攻击的地方,易受攻击性
难句分析:
难句1
Left, until now, to odd, low level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
[分析]此句主干是:"...information protection is now high on the boss's agenda...";句子的前面是两个过去分词结构left...to...与seen as a concern...,作状语。
[译文]此前,信息保护工作一直被留给临时的、低层次的信息技术人员承担,并且只被看成是信息资源丰富产业所关注的一个问题,比如银行业、电信业以及航空等行业。如今,信息保护已成为各行各业老板的头等大事。
难句2
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
[分析]此句主干是"...it should be obious...that...and that...",其中it是形式主语,两个that引导的两个从句是真正的主语。在第一个从句中,that most valuable of economic assets作主语trust的同位语,其中that表示强调;在第二个从句中现在分词结构letting sensitive personal data...作company的定语。
[译文]当然,对于最迟钝的管理人员也应清楚,显而易见的应该是,诚信这种最有价值的经济财产很容易遭到破坏,而要恢复诚信却代价高昂,此外,没有什么比让公司敏感的个人资料落入不妥当的人之手更可能破坏诚信的了。
难句3
Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission(FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
[分析]此句主干是"...the theft of information...overshadowed a hugely important decision..."其中主语中的information带有两个定语,宾语decision带有多个定语:多词词组a day,介词结构by America's Federal Trade Commission,that引导的定语从句that puts corporate America on notice...,其中notice(通知)后的that引导一个同位语从句that regulators will act if...,说明notice的内容。
[译文]同时,6月17日有关偷窃大约4000万信用卡账户信息这种事件的披露使得一天前美国商务委员会的一个重要决定蒙上了阴影,该决定提请全美国注意,如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施,那么监管结构就会采取行动。

kyone 发表于 2016-8-15 23:12:38

文章类型:时文--社会科学--经济学
文章通过信息泄漏的事例来阐释信息保护的重要性,批判有些公司未曾意识这些,并建议对信息保护立法。
试题解析:
36. "不雨则已,一雨倾盆"这个句子被用来介绍
[A]激烈的商业竞争。
[B]脆弱的老板-董事会关系。
[C]来自于新闻报道的威胁。
[D]信息泄露的严重性。
中心主旨题【正确答案】【D】
定位在文章第一段,此段首先提到,不雨则已,一雨倾盆,随后引出了人们面临的一个新问题--数字风险,接着具体介绍了这个问题。这说明,这个句子被用来介绍信息不安全的问题。因此选择[D]项。
37. 根据第二段,一些机构检查其系统,以便查明
[A]是否存在任何弱点。
[B]什么类型的信息被偷窃了。
[C]谁应该为信息的泄露负责。
[D]如何能够找到可能的间谍。
细节事实题【正确答案】【A】
文章第二段指出,好几次的客户和员工资料的大规模泄漏的事件,匆忙检查其复杂的信息技术系统和办公程序,以便寻找潜在的薄弱环节,接着介绍了发生泄密事件的机构。这说明,这些机构检查系统的目的是为了查明系统是否有弱点。因此[A]为正确选项。
38. 在提出公认的安全措施观念时,作者强调了这一点,
[A]股东的利益应该受到恰当地保护。
[B]信息保护应该受到应有的重视。
[C]商业应该提高其清算账目的安全标准。
[D]消费者信息的市场价值应该受到重视。
细节事实题【正确答案】【B】
文章第三段首先提到,保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键因素,这是董事会应该为了股东的利益而承担的责任,接着指出,正如存在公认的会计原则观念一样,现在可能是采取公认的安全措施的时候了。这说明,作者认为,现在应该采取措施保护消费者的信息。因此选择[B]项。
39. 根据第四段,使作者感到迷惑的是,一些老板没有
[A]了解诚信与信息保护之间的联系。
[B]感知个人信息的敏感性。
[C]认识到信息恢复的高成本。
[D]意识到诚信的经济价值。
细节事实题【正确答案】【A】
定位在第四段,此段指出,对于所有老板来说,这可能是一个意外,对于最迟钝的管理人员也应清楚,诚信这种最有价值的经济财产很容易遭到破坏,而要恢复诚信却代价高昂,此外,没有什么比让公司敏感的个人资料落入不妥当的人之手更可能破坏诚信的了。这说明,作者感到迷惑的是,这些老板们不了解诚信与信息保护之间的关系。因此[A]为正确选项。
40. 根据第五段,可以推知,
[A]信息泄露在欧洲更严重。
[B]美国商务委员会的决定对于信息安全来说非常重要。
[C]加利福尼亚在信息安全立法方面处于领先地位。
[D]法律处罚是解决信息泄露的主要方法。
推理题【正确答案】【D】
本题考查考生对文章第五段内容的理解。文章前面的段落介绍了信息泄露问题,第五段指出,相关法律惩罚的缺失也许的确对目前信息泄漏的局面起了推波助澜的作用,而这种情况可能迅速改变,随后提到了可能实施的相关法律。由此可知,法律手段可能是解决信息泄露问题的关键。因此选择[D]项。

kyone 发表于 2016-8-15 23:24:59

全文精译:
不雨则已,一雨倾盆。就在老板和董事刚刚终于解决其最严重的会计账目和顺从问题、改善其岌岌可危的公司管理之际,一个新问题可能会使他们--尤其是在美国--成为最可怕的头条新闻,这些头条新闻不可避免地使他们在行政套房里的位置不保。这个问题就是数字风险。此前,信息保护工作一直被留给临时的、低层次的信息技术人员承担,并且只被看成是信息资源丰富产业所关注的一个问题,比如银行业、电信业以及航空等行业。如今,信息保护已成为各行各业老板的头等大事。
第一段:引用了一句谚语"不雨则已,一雨倾盆",以引入数据泄露这个问题。
今年从时代华纳到美国国防部承包人国际科学应用公司甚至加州大学伯克利分校这样的不同机构,发生过好几次的客户和员工资料的大规模泄漏的事件,这几起重大泄密事件使得管理人员匆忙检查其复杂的信息技术系统和办公程序,以便寻找潜在的薄弱环节。
第二段:指出今年几次数据泄露已经引起业界的充分重视。
"数据正在成为一种需要像保护其他资产一样而保护的资产,"斯坦福大学商学院的海姆·门德尔森说。"保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键因素,这是董事会应该为了股东的利益而承担的责任"。纽约哥伦比亚商学院的埃尼·诺姆提议说,"实际上,正如存在公认的会计原则观念一样,现在可能是采取公认的安全措施的时候了"。他还说"为安全、备份以及恢复确定适当的投资标准是一个管理问题,不是技术问题,"。
第三段:引述斯坦福大学以及纽约哥伦比亚商学院有关专家的言论,来说明数据的重要性。
令人费解的是,这个问题竟会让老板们猝不及防。当然,对于最迟钝的管理人员也应清楚,显而易见的应该是,诚信这种最有价值的经济财产很容易遭到破坏,而要恢复诚信却代价高昂,此外,没有什么比让公司敏感的个人资料落入不妥当的人之手更可能破坏诚信的了。
第四段:点明没有什么比数据泄露更容易破坏诚信。
尽管不能成为理由,但相关法律惩罚的缺失(在美国,不是在欧洲)也许的确对目前信息泄漏的局面起了推波助澜的作用。最近,加利福尼亚通过了一项法律,而此前美国的公司不必把资料泄漏的事情告知包括受害者在内的任何人。这种情况可能会迅速改变:如今,许多与数据安全有关的立法提案正在华盛顿的各部门间流传。同时,6月17日有关偷窃大约4000万信用卡账户信息这种事件的披露使得一天前美国商务委员会的一个重要决定蒙上了阴影,该决定提请全美国注意,如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施,那么监管机构就会采取行动。
第五段:暗示法律惩罚是对数据泄露的重要解决方法之一。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(8)