2012年考研英语背景：谁是Jimmy Hoffa？
阅读题目原文：If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.
英语一阅读理解Text4文章出处：经济学人
Hoffa was involved with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union as an organizer from 1932 to 1975. He served as the union's General President from 1958 to 1971. He secured the first national agreement for teamsters' rates in 1964, and played a major role in the growth and development of the union, which eventually became the largest single union in the United States, with over 1.5 million members during his terms as its leader.Hoffa是国际卡车司机协会从1932年到1975年的领导人。他在协会中从1958年到1971年任职主席职位。在1964年，他在协会中成功捍卫了卡车司机在国家定税中的利益，并且在协会的逐渐发展壮大中扮演主要角色，国际卡车司机协会最终发展成了全美最大的工会，在Hoffa担任主席期间拥有150万会员。
Hoffa, who had been convicted of jury tampering, attempted bribery, and fraud in 1964, was imprisoned in 1967, sentenced to 13 years, after exhausting the appeal process. It was not until mid-1971 that he officially resigned the Teamsters' presidency, an action that was part of a pardon agreement with U.S. president Richard Nixon, in order to facilitate his release later that year. Nixon blocked Hoffa from union activities until 1980; Hoffa was attempting to overturn this order and to regain support.在经过了多次上诉之后，Hoffa追中由于藐视法庭，诈骗和行贿罪被判刑13年，并于1967年入狱。为了交换尼克松总统对他的特赦，提前自己的出狱时间，Hoffa在1971年辞去了工会的职位。尼克松同时也禁止了Hoffa在1980年以前参加任何工会活动；在此过程中Hoffa一直希望可以推翻这个命令重新获得支持。
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