太奇名师齐辙解析2015年联考英语(二)阅读理解
2015年管理类联考初试已经全部结束，太奇教育第一时间权威发布2015年管理类联考真题解析答案、MBA/MPA/MEM真题解析答案等信息，请考生及时关注，第一时间获悉最新考研讯息。以下是太奇名师齐辙为大家解析2015年管理类联考英语(二)阅读理解真题解析!Text1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at word and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
"Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work that at home," writer one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes."It is men, not women, who report being happier at home that at work." Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing to be doing: wording, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into is, of if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
选项及详解：
21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home________.
定位句：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. 纯细节题。与大多数研究不同，人们在家中比在工作中压力更大。也就是说，大多数研究认为：在家中的压力没有工作中的压力大。此处命题者也犯了一点儿错误，为了加大答案难度，强行将更多放松与压力更小等同了起来。此题出得一般。如果要是我给答案，答案会是：made people less pressed than working
offered greater relaxation than the workplace
was an ideal place for stress measurement—无关
generated more stress than the workplace—相悖
wasan unrealistic place for relaxation—没有体现两者比较
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
定位句：'It is men, not women, who report being happier at home that at work.' Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. 比起女人，男人在家中比在工作中更快乐。有没有孩子都成立，但不是父母的人群中这点体现得更为明显。此题为典型的综合细节题，将原文中的两处子细节进行了概括。答案应该是没孩子的丈夫。此处为出题者点三十二个赞。
Childless wives –相悖
working mothers—相悖
Childless husbands
Working fathers—相悖
23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____
定位句：And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks此句为答案出处。一边在外工作，一边忙着家务活。你可以说这是综合细节题，也可以说是简单推断题。答案中bread winners and housewives这两个角色精确概括了原文中work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks这句话。 此题继续为出题者点三十二个赞。
it is difficult for them to leave their office—无关
{B] their home is also a place for kicking back—推不出
there is often much housework left behind—无关
they are both bread winners and housewives
24. The word 'moola'(Line 4, para.4) most probably means____
定位句：词汇题。Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. 他们付出劳动，他们得到维持生计的?那还能是什么，只能是钱呗!况且这个词在美语俚语中的意思就是钞票。此题应属于词汇题中较为容易的一种，通过上下文可以推断出，出得不错。
skills—代入不合适
energy—代入不合适
earnings
nutrition—代入不合适
25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_____
定位句：On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. 从家庭层面来说，人们的分工就没有这么明显了。很难客观冷静得分清楚谁该干啥，谁该干啥。所以答案是：家庭中的分工很少那么清晰。此题出得不错，但达不到点赞的地步。
division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
home is hardly a cozier working environment—无关
household tasks are generally more motivating—无关
family labor is often adequately rewarded—相悖
总结：这篇文章属于英语二第一篇最青睐的一个题材，即社会现象。从题目难度上来讲，高于2014年初的第一篇幸福和2013年初的第一篇平庸化已结束，小于2010年初的第一篇艺术品市场萎缩，约等同于2012年初的第一篇家庭作业。选项是梅花卷儿，所以请大家看清答案位置。
Text2
For years, studies have found that first-generation collage students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' and take advantage of colleges resources,” they write, And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students."Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students "like them' can improve."
选项与解析：
26. Recruiting more first-generation students has .
原文定位：But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created 'a paradox' in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has 'continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close' an achievement gap based on social class 又是一道综合细节题。原文说原来的目标是希望能让屌丝逆袭，但事与愿违。所以选没能够达成预期目标。这道题出得点赞。
reduced their dropout rates—无关
narrowed the achievement gap—相悖
depressed college students—无关
missed its original purpose
27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because .
原文定位：But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem 原文说为什么乐观，因为为解决这个问题提供了一种潜在的可能。对应了答案的这个问题能被解决。我又要矫情了，这个答案并不好，和原文的重合度不是那么高。如果我给答案，答案会是：addressing the problem shows promise.
their findings appeal to students—无关
the recruiting rate has increased—无关
the problem is solvable
their approach is costless—无关
28. The study suggests that most first-generation students .
原文定位：Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need 纯细节题，没什么好说，送分没商量。
study at private universities—无关
are from single-parent families—无关
are in need of financial support
have failed their college—无关
29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students .
原文定位：first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students 纯细节题，原文的deal with换成了答案中的handling, issues没变，其实可以变成problems. 送分题，拿下。
are actually indifferent to the achievement gap—无关
can have a potential influence on other students—无关
may lack opportunities to apply for research projects—无关
are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .
原文定位：And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences 典型先果后因，言下之意是现在出现这种情况，恰恰是大学应该部分上负起责任。这道题证明了我一直强调的真实考试时复杂推断A—B, 简单推断偏细节的原则是靠谱的。
universities often reject the culture of the middle-class—推不出
colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences—推不出
students are usually to blame for their lack of resources—推不出
总结：这篇文章是有点心理学意思的简化版学术论文。难度远低于2011、2012、2013和2014年初第二篇。这篇文章，应该位于整套题第一篇文章的位置。
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent) from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
选项及答案：
36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
原文定位：However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. 纯细节题，定位对就能做得对。
The prospect of a thriving job market.
The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
The possibility of full employment.
The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they ____.
原文定位：又来了，又来了，综合细节题又来了。今年的命题者商量好了，一定要用综合细节题搞死你们哦。Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. 许多做兼职工作的人不想做全职吗?非也非也。他们只是只能做兼职，做不了全职而已。将这两处子细节结合起来，应该选B。
Fell that is enough to make ends meet
Cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
Haven’t seen the weakness of the market
Prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US______.
原文定位：There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down纯细节题，原文说总体来说下滑，选项选总体下滑。
Shows a general tendency of decline
Is harder to acquire than one year ago
Satisfies the real need of the jobless
Is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, ___ .
原文定位：点赞，点赞，点三十二个走心的赞。这才是第四篇应有的水准，这才是命题者应有的水平。These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance. 原文说过去只要有全职，一般就能上保险。现在有了奥巴马整出来的这个玩意儿，就业和保险也不必然划上逻辑上的等号了。言下之意就是：别看你就业了，照样儿有可能得不到保险哦!
It is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
Employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
It is still challenging to get insurance for family members
Full-time employment is still essential for insurance
40. The text mainly discusses_______.
原文定位：原文标题是The Good News About Obamacare in the June Jobs Report
但就这篇文章来看，还是就业谈得多些，所以我选Employment in the US这个答案。还有一个原因，原文标题是利好，答案是困扰怎么行?命题者如果非得说就是困扰这个答案的话，这两分哥不要了。
Obamacare’s trouble
Part-timer classification
Insurance through Medicaid
Employment in the US
总结：考场上哥都恍惚了，这是第四篇吗?怎么会这么容易?难度等同于13年第四篇，远低于其余年份。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
You are not alone
Don’t fear responsibility for your life
Pave your own unique path
Most of your fears are unreal
Think about the present moment
Experience helps you grow
There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going though life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house . Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.
41.
Most of your fears areunreal
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. ” I do completely agree the fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42.
Think about the present moment
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.
43.
There are many things to be grateful for
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44.
You are not alone
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life. Especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45.
Pave your own unique path
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
原文来源和地址：
阅读第五篇出处及答案：
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, butyou should remember that they won’t last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.
Shaun Hick once said, “You need to spend time crawling alone through shadows to truly appreciate what it is stand in the sun.” I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.
1. The power of mindset A positive mindset can help people overcome hard times. The main point is to get rid of negative clouds in your mind and start looking at the positive things. This way, you will accomplish things and boost your self-esteem and self-confidence.
A clear and positive mindset gives you a chance to work your way around obstacles before they are able to break your power of will. If you replace your negative emotions by positive thoughts, you will change your reality.
2. Pain isa significant part of life As cruel as it may seem, pain is a necessary part of life that makes us human. Pain comes from many sources and it usually hits us when we have been at our most vulnerable. It usually does two things – it teaches you to become wiser and tells you that you are alive. I think there’s no need to avoid it, because it can only drive you away. Suffering comes from your desire that the pain should not be there. It seems the fear of pain is bigger than the actual experience of pain. To be free of pain you are to take it for granted and try to find positive moments. By the way, pain can be a part of loving. If you have never been hurt, you will never know that you have love at all.
Read also – 10 Habits That Can Steal Your Happiness
3. Most of your fears are unreal Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us todeal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
4. Don’t fear responsibility for your life The price of happiness is responsibility. It’s better to realize that your happiness isn’t the responsibility of other people. Taking personal responsibility means not blaming others for your failures and unhappiness. Your success and happiness depends more on your attitude than it does objective, external circumstances. You should understand that happiness is ultimately in your mind. If you adopt the surrender mindset and have faith in a happy future, you will certainly reach your goals.
5. Think about present moment If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past,try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.
Read also – 7 Undeniable Reasons to Focus on Making Yourself Happy
6. Experience helps you grow All people usually grow through experience if they treat it courageously. Try not to ask yourself questions that perpetuate your role as a victim, because it will prolong your feelings and helplessness. One of the most important parts of living and growing up is experiencing unexpected troubles in life. People often sick, lose jobs and face critical situations. I think these circumstances in life bring more automatic maturity as a sort of forced growing up mentality. The pain that you feel when something goes wrong teaches you where you are just now and who you are in that moment. Good or bad experiences are a gateway to deeper level of self-awareness.
7. There are many things to be grateful for Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
It is desirable to stop comparing yourself to others and wishing to be someone you are not. Every individual has their own strengths and weaknesses. If you accept everything you have, you will truly find the fulfillment you seek.
8. You are not alone No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
Read also – 7 Ways to Cheer Yourself Up When You’re Feeling Lonely
9. Pave your own unique path Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
I hope this article will help you overcome hard times in a short period of time. No matter how hard the situation may seem, you should always remember that everything is alright in the end. If it’s not alright, then it’s not the end. What has helped you get through hard times? Do you have any other truths to keep in mind? Share your experience and ideas, please!
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