2016考研英语预热：完型填空的题源分析
2016年考研的复习脚步已经进入到了正轨中，从现在开始就是16考研人的备考天下了。那么面对刚刚开始起步准备的繁重考研知识，如何起步如何开始有效地基础复习是我们现在要做的最重要的工作，太奇考研英语老师针对2016考研英语完形填空题型的初期复习计划和方法为大家整理考研起步复习经验指导，希望可以帮助2016年考研人在寒假期间做好复习预热。Light work; Questioning the Hawthorne effect
June 6, 2009
WHEN America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the HawthornePlant near Chicago in 1924, it hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected (第一题答案为A)workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended up (第二题答案为B)giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very act (第三题答案为C)of being experimented upon changes subjects' behaviour.
The idea arose because of the perplexing (第四题答案为B)behaviour of the women (who assembled relays and wound coils of wire)(题目中此处删除) in theHawthorneplant. According to accounts (第五题答案为C)of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not matter (第六题答案为B)what was done; so long as (第七题答案为D)something was changed, productivity rose. An awareness (第八题答案为A)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough (第九题答案为C)to alter workers' behaviour by (第十题答案为D)itself.
命题专家改写了下面的句子(The data from the illumination experiments had never been rigorously analysed and were believed lost. But Steven Levitt and John List, two economists at the University of Chicago, discovered that the data had survived the decades in two archives in Milwaukee and Boston,) and decided to subject (第十一题答案为C)them to econometric analysis. TheHawthorneexperiments had another surprise in store for them. Contrary to (第十二题答案为A)the descriptions in the literature, they found no systematic evidence (第十三题答案为A)that levels of productivity in the factory rose whenever changes in lighting were implemented.
It turns out that idiosyncrasies in the way the experiments were conducted may have led to misleading (第十四题答案为D)interpretations of what happened. For example(第十五题答案为B), lighting was always changed on a Sunday, when the plant was closed. When it reopened on Monday, output duly rose (第十六题答案为A)compared with Saturday, the last working day before the change, and continued (第十七题答案为D)to rise for the next couple of days. But (第十八题答案)a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers tended to(第十九题答案) beaver away(题目中换成了较简单的be diligent) for the first few days of the working week in any case, before hitting (第二十题答案为D)a plateau and then slackening off.
以下原文的两段没有选，我在这里列出，仅供大家参考：
Another of the original observations was that output fell when the trials ceased, suggesting that the act of experimentation caused increased productivity. But experimentation stopped in the summer, and it turns out from the records of production after the experiments that output tended to fall in the summer anyway. Perhaps workers were just hot.
There is a suggestion in the data that productivity was more responsive to changes in artificial than naturallight. This could be interpreted as a subtler version of theHawthorneeffect, if you believe that workers were aware that changes in artificiallightwere induced by the experimenters, whereas naturallightwas changing on its own. But even this evidence is weak. For something so influential and intuitively appealing, it turns out that theHawthorneeffectis remarkably hard to pin down.
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