2007年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析
距离2014年硕士研究生考试还有不到50天的时间，在考试报名现场确认后，同学们都回归到自己的课本上继续浴血奋战全面冲刺，太奇考研英语辅导专家王瑾老师认为，在本阶段同学们不要一味的只做模拟题要结合近10年的历年真题来进行揣摩，可以说是冲刺收尾阶段历年真题的重要性是不容忽视的。下面是王瑾老师整理的2001年—2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析，希望能帮助同学们成功步入自己理想的院校!Section I Vocabulary (10 points)
Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.
1. His wife has been _____ a lot of pressure on him to change his job.
A. taking B. exerting C. giving D. pushing
2. It is estimated that, currently, about 50,000 species become _____ every year.
A. extinct B. instinct C. distinct D. intense
3. John says that his present job does not provide him with enough _____ for his organizing ability.
A. scope B. space C. capacity D. range
4. Many _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. probabilities B. realities C. necessities D. opportunities
5. After his uncle died, the young man _____ the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble.
A. inhabited B. inherited C. inhibited D. inhaled
6. The manager is calling on a _____ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract.
A. prosperous B. preliminary C. pessimistic D. prospective
7. In 1991, while the economies of industrialized countries met an economic _____, the economies of developing countries were growing very fast.
A. revival B. repression C. recession D. recovery
8. The destruction of the twin towers _____ shock and anger throughout the world.
A. summoned B. tempted C. provoked D. stumbled
9. About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____ condition.
A. decisive B. urgent C. vital D. critical
10. The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _____ on peace and stability in the Asia+—Pacific region and the world as a whole.
A. importance B. impression C. impact D. implication
11. The poor countries are extremely _____ to international economic fluctuations
A. inclined B. vulnerable C. attracted D. reduced
12. Applicants should note that all positions are _____ to Australian citizenship requirements.
A. subject B. subjective C. objected D. objective
13. We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal _____ to employment opportunities.
A. entrance B. entry C. access D. admission
14. Successful learning is not a (n) _____ activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific order.
A. only B. sole C. mere D. single
15. The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can _____ the performance of many children.
A. withhold B. prevent C. enhance D. justify
16. All her hard work _____ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.
A. showed off B. paid off C. left off D. kept off
17. In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be, we have to do more than just _____ with events.
A. put sup B. set up C. turn up D. make up
18. The team played hard because the championship of the state was _____.
A. at hand B. at stake C. at large D. at best
19. I don’t think you’ll change his mind; once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____ it.
A. stick to B. abide by C. comply with D. keep on
20. Tom placed the bank notes, _____ the change and receipts, back in the drawer.
A. more than B. but for C. thanks to D. along with
Section II Cloze (10 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.
Advancing age means losing you hair, your waistline and you memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but __21__ she’s worried about what she calls’ my rolling mental blackouts. “I try to remember something and I just blank out,” she says.
You may __22__ about these lapses, calling them “senior moments” or blaming “early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症).” Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the __23__ you remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age __24__ problems that are not necessarily age—related.
“When a teenager can’t find her keys, she thinks it’s because she’s distracted or disorganized,” says Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her __25__.” In fact, the 70-year-old may have been __26__ things for decades.
In healthy people, memory doesn’t worsen as __27__ as many of us think. “As we __28__, the memory mechanism isn’t __29__,” says psychologist Fergus Craik. “It’s just inefficient.”
The brain’s processing __30__ slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly __31__. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and __32__ there’s less activity in the brain. But, caution Barry Gordon, “It’s not clear that less activity is __33__. A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁) more easily than a __34__ athlete. In the same way, __35__ the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it.”
There are __36__ you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it __37__ effort. Margaret Sewell says: “We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to __38__ to keep your brain __39__ shape. It’s like having a good body. You can’t go to the gym once a year __40__ expect to stay in top from. ”
21. A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never
22. A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize
23. A. much B. little C. more D. less
24. A. since B. for C. by D. because
25. A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health
26. A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding
27. A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly
28. A. mature B. advance C. age D. grow
29. A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working
30. A. pattern B. time C. space D. information
31. A. why B. how C. what D. when
32. A. since B. hence C. that D. although
33. A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse
34. A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained
35. A. as B. till C. though D. yet
36. A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes
37. A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends
38. A. rest B. come C. work D. study
39. A. to B. for C. on D. in
40. A. so B. or C. and D. if
Section III Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Direction: There are 4 passages in this part, each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.
It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it: population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.
Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?
Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism (mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres—at home, among friends, in community settings—and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing (同化的) forces of globalization.
Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.
For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient (有活力的), however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous (原生的，土著的) communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.
41. Minority languages can be best preserved in ______.
A. an increasingly interconnected world
B. maintaining small numbers of speakers
C. relatively isolated language communities
D. following the tradition of the 20th century
42. According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is ______.
A. uncertain B. unrealistic C. foreseeable D. definite
43. According to the author, bilingualism can help ______.
A. small languages become acceptable in work places
B. homogenize the world’s languages and cultures
C. global languages reach home and community settings
D. speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity
44. Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it ______.
A. makes learning a global language unnecessary
B. facilitates the learning and using of those languages
C. raises public awareness of saving those languages
D. makes it easier for linguists to study those languages
45. In the author’s view, many endangered languages are ______.
A. remarkably well-kept in this modern world
B. exceptionally powerful tools of communication
C. quite possible to be revived instead of dying out
D. a unique way of bringing different groups together
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Everyone, it seems, has a health problem. After pouring billions into the National Health Service, British people moan about dirty hospitals, long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada’s new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country’s lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income.
But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford’s announcement this week that it would cut up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of it’s “legacy” health-care costs as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers (生育高峰期出生的人) will crush the government’s finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform; plan in next week’s state-of-the -union address.
America’s health system is unlike any other. The Unite States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly.
This curious hybrid (混合物) certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans’ bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development (R&D) for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited—especially by foreigners—is the army of uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and, if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures, 30% of American health spending is wasted.
Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the “socialized medicine” of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is done privately, around 60% of America’s heath-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already appends as much on health as the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) average, and that share is set to grow as the baby-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage. America is, in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default.
46. Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. poor hospital conditions in U.K. B. Angela Merkel under attack
C. health financing in Germany D. long waiting lines in Canada
47. Ford’s announcement of cutting up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 indicates that Ford ______.
A. has the biggest health problem of care industry
B. has made profits from its health-care legacy
C. has accumulated too heavy a health-care burden
D. owes a great deal of debt to its employees
48. In the author’s opinion, America’s health system is ______.
A. inefficient B. feasible
C. unpopular D. successful
49. It is implied in the passage that ______.
A. America’s health system has its strengths and weaknesses
B. the US government pays medical insurance
C. some 46 million American do not have medical insurance
D. Europeans benefit a lot from American’s medical research
50. From the last paragraph we may learn that the “socialized medicine” is ______.
A. a practice of Canada and Europe
B. a policy adopted by the US government
C. intended for the retiring baby-boomers
D. administered by private enterprises
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.
But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. “Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.
What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service.
51. It may be inferred that a European-style service ______.
A. is tipping-free B. charges little tip
C. is the author’s initiative D. is offered at Per-se
52. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author.
A. Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.
B. Waiters don’t care about tipping
C. Customers generally believe in tipping.
D. Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.
53. According to Michael Lynn’s studies, Waiters will likely get more tips if they ______.
A. have performed good service
B. frequently refill customers’ water glass
C. win customers’ favor
D. serve customers of the same sex
54. We may infer from the context that “upwelling” (Line 2, Para 6) probably means ______.
A. selling something up B. selling something fancy
C. selling something unnecessary D. selling something more expensive
55. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. reasons to abolish the practice of tipping
B. economic sense of tipping
C. consumers’ attitudes towards tipping
D. tipping for good service
Question 56 t 60 are based on the following passage:
“I promise.” “I swear to you it’ll never happen again.” “I give you my word.” “Honestly. Believe me.” Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity. I read my students’ essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism(剽窃)appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won’t detect a polished piece of prose form an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student’s work with his or her name even if it’s missing form the upper left-hand corner.
Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average (GPA)? When we’re threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. “If you let me pass math I will…” “Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I’ll…” Once the situation is behind us, so are promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché(陈词滥调)to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not?
Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing.
I questioned the regarding and he swore it I’d understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is giver, but he hand already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. “I promise…I’m not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I’m just nervous today.”
The head of the English department agreed with my finding, and the meeting with the dean had the boy’s parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy’s previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation(留校察看)，the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, “He’s only a child” and we instructors are should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such… Except in this uncomfortable circumstance.
56. According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for ______.
A. money B. degree C. higher GPA D. reputation
57. the sentence “Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises ” implies that ______.
A. students usually keep their promises
B. some students tend to break their promises
C. the promises are always behind the situation
D. we cannot judge the situation in advance, as we do to the promises
58. The “borderline passing” (Line 3, Para.3) probably means ______.
A. fairly good B. extremely poor
C. above average D. below average
59. The boy’s parents thought their son should be excused mainly because ______.
A. teachers should be compassionate B. he was only a child
C. instructors were wiser D. he was threatened
60. Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?
A. Human Nature B. Conditional Promises
C. How to Detect Cheating D. The Sadness of Plagiarism
Section IV Translation (20 points)
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow it. And as a result, our lives and society have begum to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.
Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living—not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace—always have come from “better recipes, not just more cooking.” One might argue that’s not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of “cooking in quantity” business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.
Section V writing (20 points)
In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. Describe the table and state your opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Accidents in a Chinese City (2005)
Main accident causesNumber of accidents in 2005Percentage rise (+) or fall (-)
Driver training left without due care608+10%
Drivers turning too close to other vehicles411+9%
Pedestrians crossing roads carelessly401+12%
Drivers driving under the influence of alcohol 281+15%
Drivers failing to give a signal264-5%
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