2003年考研英语真题及参考答案
Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.
Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)
Boston Museum of Fine Arts
Founded (year) 1870
Opened to the public (year) Question 1
Moved to the current location (year) 1909
The west wing completed (year) Question 2
Number of departments 9
The most remarkable department Question 3
Exhibition Space (m2) Question 4
Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000
Programs provided classes lectures Question 5
Part B
Directions:
For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)
What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? ________. Question 6
Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them ________. Question 7
Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other? ________. Question 8
Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their ________. Question 9
According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? ________. Question 10
Part C
Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing , , or . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. (10 points)
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.
11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they ________.
sleep in three distinct parts
have many five-minute naps
sleep in one long block
take one or two naps daily
12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by ________.
its genes
its habit
its mental state
its physical condition
13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should ________.
take some refreshment
go to bed early
have a long rest
give in to sleep
Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?
He could bring unfinished work home.
He might have time to pursue his interests.
He might do some evening teaching.
He could invest more emotion in his family.
15. What was his original goal at college?
to teach in high school
to write his own books
to be a medical doctor
to be a mathematician
16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?
To follow his father.
For an easy grade.
To change his specialty.
For knowledge of poetry.
Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. What is the most important thing in public speaking?
Confidence.
Preparation.
Informativeness.
Organization.
18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience’s attention?
Gather abundant data.
Organize the idea logically.
Develop a great opening.
Select appropriate materials.
19. If you don’t start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel ________.
uneasy
uncertain
frustrated
depressed
20. Who is this speech most probably meant for?
Those interested in the power of persuasion.
Those trying to improve their public images.
Those planning to take up some public work.
Those eager to become effective speakers.
You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark , , or on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious to how they can best such changes. Growing bodies need movement and , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the of some kind of organization with a supportive adult visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by for roles that are within their and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
21. thought
idea
opinion
advice
22. strengthen
accommodate
stimulate
enhance
23. care
nutrition
exercise
leisure
24. If
Although
Whereas
Because
25. assistance
guidance
confidence
tolerance
26. claimed
admired
ignored
surpassed
27. improper
risky
fair
wise
28. in effect
as a result
for example
in a sense
29. displaying
describing
creating
exchanging
30. durable
excessive
surplus
multiple
31. group
individual
personnel
corporation
32. consent
insurance
admission
security
33. particularly
barely
definitely
rarely
34. similar
long
different
short
35. if only
now that
so that
even if
36. everything
anything
nothing
something
37. off
down
out
alone
38. On the contrary
On the average
On the whole
On the other hand
39. making
standing
planning
taking
40. capabilities
responsibilities
proficiency
efficiency
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing , , or . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence of the Net has ________.
received support from fans like Donovan
remolded the intelligence services
restored many common pastimes
revived spying as a profession
42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.
introduce the topic of online spying
show how he fought for the U.S.
give an episode of the information war
honor his unique services to the CIA
43. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
causing the biggest trouble
exerting the greatest effort
achieving the greatest success
enjoying the widest popularity
44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.
Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true
Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information
Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability
Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information
45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.
official status
nonconformist image
efficient staff
military background
Text 2
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.
call on scientists to take some actions
criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
warn of the doom of biomedical research
show the triumph of the animal rights movement
47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.
cruel but natural
inhuman and unacceptable
inevitable but vicious
pointless and wasteful
48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.
discontent with animal research
ignorance about medical science
indifference to epidemics
anxiety about animal rights
49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.
communicate more with the public
employ hi-tech means in research
feel no shame for their cause
strive to develop new cures
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.
a well-known humanist
a medical practitioner
an enthusiast in animal rights
a supporter of animal research
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence of the Net has ________.
received support from fans like Donovan
remolded the intelligence services
restored many common pastimes
revived spying as a profession
42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.
introduce the topic of online spying
show how he fought for the U.S.
give an episode of the information war
honor his unique services to the CIA
43. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
causing the biggest trouble
exerting the greatest effort
achieving the greatest success
enjoying the widest popularity
44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.
Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true
Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information
Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability
Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information
45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.
official status
nonconformist image
efficient staff
military background
Text 2
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.
call on scientists to take some actions
criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
warn of the doom of biomedical research
show the triumph of the animal rights movement
47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.
cruel but natural
inhuman and unacceptable
inevitable but vicious
pointless and wasteful
48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.
discontent with animal research
ignorance about medical science
indifference to epidemics
anxiety about animal rights
49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.
communicate more with the public
employ hi-tech means in research
feel no shame for their cause
strive to develop new cures
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.
a well-known humanist
a medical practitioner
an enthusiast in animal rights
a supporter of animal research
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos: “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Section IV Writing
66. Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
答案
Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Part A (5 points)
1. 1876 2. 1981 3. textiles 4. 19,137 5. concerts
Part B (5 points)
6. (the couple) themselves
7. constructively
8. a qualified psychologist
9. good intentions
10. absence
Part C (10 points)
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Section II: Use of English (10 points)
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Part A (40 points)
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
Part B (10 points)
61. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
62. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
63. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
64. 泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。
65. 因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
Section IV: Writing (20 points)
66. 参考范文
As is shown in the two pictures, the same flower has different fate when put in different situations. When there is protection, the flower blooms beautifully. However, when exposed directly to rain and storm, the flower quickly withers. We can safely come to the conclusion that greenhouse flowers cannot withstand rain and storm.
The same is true with our children. As the one-child policy is adopted in China, more and more parents overprotect their children. With everything done for them and every need satisfied by their parents or grandparents, these only children seem to be healthy, happy and high-spirited. But when they leave home, they become disappointed and frustrated. Facing harsh things they have never experienced before, such as competition from peers, criticism from supervisors, pressure for deadlines and restriction for discipline, they will be at a loss, miserable or even desperate. In fact, the more protection they get from their parents, the less ability they acquire. Parents’ love for their children turns out to be a disaster.
Children, like flowers, should be treated with care, but reasonable and sensible ways of doing things will help to bring about more fruitful results, if we not only love our children but also teach them how to love, our love will be passed down from generation to generation; if we not only solve problems for our children but also encourage them to solve problems, our diligence and ingenuity will make our life more meaningful and worthwhile.
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