2014考研英语复习“虚拟语气”常见句型
历年考研英语试题呈现的各个考察点都是词汇和语法的构成，实际考察同学们对历年语法点和词汇(或短语)的运用。其包含：动词(动名词)的用法，虚拟语气，主谓一致，非谓语动词，各种与介词有关的搭配用法和惯用短语等。每个点的扩散都会涉及到很小的点，其中不难发现“虚拟语气”是考察的一个要点，下面太奇考研英语辅导专家祝老师就针对“虚拟语气”的常见句型，运用形式做下详细的解读。首先同学们要明白：虚拟语气的重点是，虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气和表示愿望的虚拟形式等。
(一)虚拟语气的常见句型：1、用于非真实条件句中2、其他句型
1与现在事实相反的虚拟语气形式
If+主语+动词的过去式(be要用were)……, 主句主语+would(或should, could, might)+动词原形。例如:
If I were you, I would buy a car. 如果我是你, 我就买辆车。(注: 在第一人称中, 主句中的would也可用should)
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式
If+主语+had+过去分词……, 主句主语+would(或should, could, might)+have+过去分词。例如:
①If my lawyer __________ here last Saturday, he __________ me from going. (MET’89)
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
此题的正确答案为A。
②I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother. (NMET’94)
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
此题的正确答案为D。
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气形式
If+主语+动词的过去式(或were to +动词原形, 或should +动词原形)……, 主句主语+would(或should, could, might)+动词原形。例如:
If it should rain tomorrow, what would we do? 如果明天下雨, 我们怎么办? (注: 从句中的should rain可以换成were to rain或rained)
4、由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用 were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。
C. wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
(3)would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如：I’d rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
(4)It’s (high,about) time that句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
例如：It’s very late.It’s time we had to go.天太晚了，我们得走了。
1虚拟语气用在动词wish带的宾语从句中, 宾语从句的谓语动词形式为:
①谓语动词用过去式(be用were)表示现在的情况。例如:
I wish I didn't have a cold. 但愿我没有感冒。
②谓语动词用过去完成式表示过去的情况。例如:
I wish I __________ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
此题的正确答案为C。
③谓语动词用would(或could, might)+动词原形表示将来的情况。例如:
I wish you could come tomorrow. 但愿你明天会来。
注: as if(=as though)引导的从句和if only后面所跟的句子也要用虚拟语气, 其形式和动词 wish所带的宾语从句的形式相同。例如:
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________. (NMET’95)
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
此题的正确答案为C。
②If only I had followed his advice. 若是我听了他的劝告就好了。
2用介词短语(without..., butfor... )、副词(otherwise)表示某种假设的情况, 相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。例如:
Without electricity human life __________ quite different today. (MET’91)
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
此题的正确答案为D。
3虚拟语气用在It +be +important(necessary, strange, natural)+that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“(should +)动词原形”。例如:
It is necessary that he __________ to the hospital at once.
A. should send B. be sent C. would be sent D. sent
此题的正确答案为B。
4虚拟语气用在It +be +time +that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“动词的过去式(be用were)或should +动词原形”。例如:
It is time that he went(should go)to bed. 他睡觉的时间到了。
5. 虚拟语气用在order, ask, suggest(建议), demand, request, insist(坚持要)等动词后面的宾语从句中, 宾语从句的谓语动词应为“(should +)动词原形”。例如:
He suggested that she __________ at once.
A. starts B. start C. should start D. started
此题的正确答案为B和C。
6. 虚拟语气用在advice, idea, order, plan, suggestion, demand, proposal等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中, 从句的谓语动词应为“(should +)动词原形”。例如:
①My suggestion is that you __________ the meeting next Sunday.
A. held B. would hold C. should hold D. could hold
此题的正确答案为C。
②The teacher gave orders that the work __________ before 4 o'clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should be finished D. finish
此题的正确答案为B和C。
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