2012年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题
2012年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题*********************************************************************
学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业
研究方向：英语笔译
考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)
Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
1. He is too young to between right and wrong.
A. discard
C. disperse
B. discern
D. disregard
2. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
A. as
C. that
B. which
D. what
3. Many great scientists their success to hard work.
A. portray
C. impart
B. ascribe
D. acknowledge
4. In education there should be a good among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgement.
A. distribution
C. combination
B. balance
D. assignment
5. The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to themselves on the German team for last year’s defeat.
A. remedy
C. revive
B. reproach
D. revenge
6. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.
A. supply
C. provision
B. assurance
D. adjustment
7. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at .
A. danger
C. loss
B. stake
D. threat
8. Language, culture, and personality may be considered of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.
A. indistinctly
C. irrelevantly
B. separately
D. independently
9. To survive the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.
A. improve
C. guarantee
B. enhance
D. gear
10. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving for the states and liberty for individuals.
A. autonomy
C. monopoly
B. dignity
D. stability
11. The mayor is a woman with great and therefore deserves our political and financial support.
A. intention
C. integrity
B. instinct
D. intensity
12. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical , will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.
A. interference
C. intervention
B. interruption
D. interaction
13. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great .
A. explosion
C. exaggeration
B. sensation
D. stimulation
14. My students found the book : it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.
A. enlightening
C. distracting
B. confusing
D. amusing
15. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _____ in the public mind today.
A. exists
C. existing
B. exist
D. existed
16. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______ occupied the whole of last week.
A. were
C. have been
B. had been
D. was
17. He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
A. What little
C. How much
B. So much
D. So little
18. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult ______ visible in the background.
A. particularly
C. definitely
B. barely
D. rarely
19. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
A. be
C. were
B. being
D. are
20. How many of us, __________, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended
C. to attend
B. attending
D. have attended
21. _________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.
A. Orientation
C. Procession
B. Access
D. Voyage
22. A thorough study of biology requires ________ with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.
A. acquisition
C. curiosity
B. discrimination
D. familiarity
23. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.
A. critical about
C. indifferent to
B. indignant at
D. subject to
24. I am not _________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.
A. concerned
C. considerate
B. compatible
D. compulsory
25. The supervisor did not have time so far to go into it _________, but he gave us an idea about his plan.
A. at hand
C. in conclusion
B. in turn
D. at length
26. They are different _________ their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.
A. such that
C. so that
B. except that
D. in that
27. Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food _________ it is badly cooked.
A. if
C. that
B. until
D. unless
28. ___________ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers.
A. Even though
C. If only
B. Now that
D. Provided that
29. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _________.
A. arbitrary
C. mechanical
B. rational
D. unpredictable
30. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ____ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed on meaning in translation.
A. By
C. For
B. In
D. With
II. Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are two passages followed by a total of 10 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there are two passages followed by a total of 10 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (20%)
Passage 1
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.”—Virginia Wolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing.
Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Wolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as visionary. Literary critic’s cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.
In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time.
Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satirical or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer’s Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists,” whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists…harbor…discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kinds…”) Woolf detested what she called preaching in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method. Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgement about society and social issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted norms, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art. Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in the Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch—a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.
31. It can be inferred from the passage that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary model because she believed that
A. Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters.
B. Chaucer was an honest and frank author, whereas novelists like D. H. Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society.
C. Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with questioning its accepted norms.
D. Chaucer’s writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers.
32. Why hasn’t Woolf’s focus on society received a general recognition?
A. Because she sharply criticizes the reformers in her novels.
B. Because she strongly dislikes propaganda in art.
C. Because she fundamentally sympathizes with the causes of reformers.
D. Because her own social criticism is expressed directly in commentary.
33. It can be inferred from the passage that the most probable reason Woolf realistically describe the social background in the majority of her novels was that she
A. was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic literary style.
B. was interested in the effect of a person’s social environment on his or her character and actions.
C. wished to prevent critics from charging her novels of being written in an ambiguous and inexact style.
D. needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them.
34. The author implies that a major element of the satirist’s art is the satirist’s
A. refusal to indulge in argument when presenting social norms to readers for their examination.
B. insistence on the helplessness of individuals against the social forces that seek to determine an individual’s fate.
C. fundamental assumption that some ambiguity must remain in a work of art in order to reflect society and social modes accurately.
D. cynical belief that idealist writers can either enlighten or improve their societies.
35. The most appropriate title for the passage is
A. Trends in Contemporary Reform Movement as a Key to Understanding Virginia Woolf’s Novels.
B. Virginia Woolf’s Novels: Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society.
C. Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century Novel.
D. Poetry and Satire as Influence on the Novels of Virginia Woolf
Passage 2
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters of the world insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it is OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of paralysis by analysis.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants are environmentally sound.
36. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ______.
A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
37. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as __________.
A. a protector
B. a judge
C. a critic
D. a guide
38. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (last line, para.4)?
A. Endless studies kill action.
B. Careful investigation reveals truth.
C. Prudent planning hinders progress.
D. Extensive research helps decision making.
39. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?
A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B. Raise public awareness of conservation.
C. Press for further scientific research.
D. Take some legislative actions.
40. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because__.
A. they both suffered from the government’s negligence
B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D. both of them have turned from bad to worse
Section B Short-Answer Questions (20%)
Passage 3
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.
Erosion of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.
Angry owners have called on the government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go farther along the coast, shifting the problems from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.
41. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?
42. Why can’t the erosion be stopped?
43. Why is it not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion?
44. What implications does the experts’ study on the problem of erosion have?
45. What consequences do you have to take if you want to buy a cheap house in this area?
Passage 4
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Surfing the net can be an excitement, but after too long on the net, even a phone can be a shock. My boyfriend’s Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes indecipherable after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretary’s tone seems more rejecting than I’d imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid—hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, and now just two ordinary days.
For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a telecommuter. I submit articles and edit them via email and communicate with colleagues on the internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.
If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard of ’96 on TV.
But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though I have merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node on the net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. It’s like attending an AA meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the net opponents’ worst nightmare.
What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction, coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.
At times, I turn on the TV and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that I’d never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe me, but then I’m jarred by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. “Dateline,” “Frontline,” “Nightline,” CNN, New York 1, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background.
46. Why does the author say even a phone call can be a shock after too long a time on the internet?
47. What can we infer about the author and her boyfriend’s locations?
48. What is the author’s attitude to the computer?
49. What does the phrase “coming back out of the cave” in the 5th paragraph mean?
50. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the paragraph?
III. Writing (30%)
With the rapid economic, scientific and technological development in the urban areas, existing cities are growing larger and larger and more and more cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from the process of urbanization? Write a composition of about 400 words on the topic given below to air your view.
One Major Problem in the Process of Urbanization
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