2016考研翻译硕士短语解释详解（三）
改革开放reform and opening-up; reform and opening to the outside world
改革开放的总设计师
chief architect of the reform and opening up policy
改革开放和社会主义现代化建设
reform and opening and in the modernization drive
改革试点
pilot reform; reform experimentation; pilot restructuring enterprise
盖洛普民意调查 Gallup Poll
盖帽了
great; excellent; wonderful
改名潮
name-change boom. (Taiwan has seen a name-change boom amid the current economic crunch, local media reported Monday. 据台湾媒体23日报道，经济不景气，当地人最近兴起"改名潮"以求转运。)
概念车
concept car
概念商品
concept goods
改善农民进城就业环境
improve the employment environment for rural workers in cities
改善农牧民生产生活条件
improve the living and production conditions of farmers and herdsmen
改善缺医少药的状况
alleviate the shortage of medical services and medicines
改制上市
(of an enterprise)get listed on the stock market after being re-organized according the modern corporate system
改革开放和现代化建设的全过程
the entire process of reform, opening-up and modernization
干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化
make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent
干部下放
arrange for cadres to go to work at grassroots units or participate in physical labor
感到不妙 I smell a rat.
尴尬，困境，糟糕 pretty pass
甘居下游
be resigned to backwardness
感情投资
investment in human relationships
赶时髦
follow the fashion; want to be in the swim of things
干细胞 stem cell
感谢款待的信
a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)
干预
intervene (China will impose severe penalties on officials who intervene in government statistical work and manipulate or fake data, said a draft law revision submitted to the top legislature Monday. 全国人大常委会22日审议统计法修订草案，草案规定领导干部如干预统计工作，自行修改统计资料或要求统计机构、人员伪造统计资料等，将受严厉惩罚。)
赶超先进
surpass the advanced
港澳台
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
港人治港
Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong
岗位津贴
post allowance
岗位培训
on-the-job training
岗位责任制
work post responsibility
港务局
port office; harbor authority
高保真音乐 hi-fi music
高材生 top student
高层次、全方位的对话
high-level and all-directional dialogue
高产优质
high yield and high quality
告吹
fizzle out; fall through; fail
高档食品
upmarket food (Recently, the owner of CP Lotus and Super Brand Mall announced the launch of its first upmarket food retail brand, Bazaar by Lotus, in Shanghai's Xintiandi, the fashion hub and one of the most famous locations in the city. 近日，卜蜂莲花和正大广场宣布在上海新天地创立首个高档食品零售品牌――Bazaar by Lotus(莲花集市)。新天地是上海的时尚中心，也是上海最著名的景点之一。)
高等教育“211工程”
the “211” Project for higher education
高等教育自学考试
self-study higher education examination
高度自治
high degree of autonomy
高端产品
high-end product
高发季节
high-occurrence season (Li noted that autumns and winters werehigh-occurrence
seasons for the flu, and urged the authorities to improve disease prevention and treatment in order to stop the disease from fast spreading across the country. 李指出，秋冬季是流感的高发季节，他敦促权威部门改进疾病防御和治疗能力，阻止疾病在全国迅速传播。)
高发期
high-incidence season
高分低能
high scores and low abilities
高峰
peak time
高峰论 坛
summit forum
高干
high-ranking official; senior cadre
高杠杆交易机构
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)
高跟鞋赛跑
High heel running (Julia Plecher, an 18-year-old girl from Berlin, outsprinted 99 rivals to won the city’s 100m high heel running. 18岁来自的朱莉娅•普莱榭淘汰了99名选手赢得了该城市的高跟鞋赛跑冠军。)
高官会
Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
搞花架子
do something superficial
搞活国营大中型企业
invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
告急
be in an emergency; report an emergency; ask for emergency help
高级报纸/严肃报纸 quality paper
高级检察官
senior public procurator
高级经理人员
high-level managerial personnel; senior personnel
高级商务师
certified business executive; senior business engineer; high-level economist; senior commercialist
高级设备
sophisticated equipment
高技术产业化
apply high technology to production
高架公路
elevated highway; overhead road
高架轻轨
elevated railway
高姐
high-speed train attendant (High-speed train attendants ready for service: The crew on the rail route were selected from numerous applicants and have undergone rigorous training. “高铁”开通在即，“高姐”整装待命：高铁线路上的乘务员都是从无数应聘者中海选出来的，而且已经经过了严格训练。)
高精尖技术
high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想
hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of "Three Represents"
高考
college (or university) entrance examination
高考保姆
gaokao nanny (In Beijing, gaokao nannies are paid by the day, 300 yuan on average, according to a Beijing domestic service company named Coleclub. 一家叫嘉乐会的北京家政服务公司说，在北京，高考保姆是按日计酬的，平均一天300元。)
高考状元
top scorer (The University of Hong Kong (HKU) Thursday decided not to accept He Chuanyang, Chongqing's top liberal arts scorer who illegally changed his ethnic
background for extra points in the national college entrance exam, after Peking University rejected him earlier.继北大放弃录取重庆民族身份造假高考文科状元何川洋后，香港大学2日也正式决定不予录取。)
高科技板块
high-tech sector
高科技作弊
hi-tech cheating (China targets hi-tech cheating before Gaokao exam: As millions of
Chinese students are doing some last-minute cramming for the upcoming national college entrance examinations, authorities have launched a crackdown on sales of high-tech devices that might be used to cheat on the tests. 我国在高考前严打高科技作弊：数百万考生在为即将到来的高考进行最后的冲刺，而政府部门已开展了一项打击售卖高科技高考作弊工具的行动。)
高龄津贴
old age allowance (Residents older than 80 will get a unified old age allowance across China, a move indicating the government aims to end different allowance policies toward the elderly in different regions, the China Economic Weekly reported Tuesday. 《中国经济周刊》周二报道说，全国80岁以上的居民将享受统一的高龄津贴。政府此举旨在结束各地区高龄津贴政策不一致的状况。)
高难度动作 stunner, stunt
高清晰度
high definition
高清晰度电视 high definition TV
高手
master hand, expert
(精通电脑和网络的)高手 geek
高危人群
high-risk group
高温死亡
heat death (The prolonged extreme weather has baked many regions in the country since July, with the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Shandong and Shaanxi provinces and Chongqing municipality reporting the highest number of weather-related deaths. 自七月份以来我国的许多地区都出现了持续的极端炎热天气，内蒙古自治区、山东省、陕西省和重庆市成为高温死亡报告最多的地区。)
高消费
high consumption
高效节能
energy-efficient
高校扩招后首批毕业生
college graduates who were the first to be enrolled under the college expansion of 1999
高校扩招计划
college expansion plan
告小状
secretly report on somebody; rat on somebody
高新技术产业开发区
high-tech industrial development zone
高新技术产业化
industrial application of new and high technologies
高压手段
high-pressure tactics
高原反应,高山反应
altitude stress; altitude sickness
高知
high-level intellectual
高指标 high target
高职院校
higher vocational school (China's higher vocational schools enroll more than 3 million students annually-- China currently has about 1,184 schools of higher vocational education, which enroll more than 3.1 million students annually, Vice Minister of
Education Lu Xin said. 中国高职院校每年招收300多万――教育部副部长鲁昕说，中国目前有约1184所高职教育机构，每年招收学生310多万。)
高档公寓
high-end flat (A group of 53 rich people from Yuncheng, Shanxi, arrived in Beijing Saturday on a charter flight to buy houses, the first of its kind in China. The group,
consisting of private company bosses, coal mine owners and professors, target villas and high-end flats priced at RMB3m-10m and have ordered 3 villas after they visited the first site. 周六，由53名私企老板、煤矿主和大学教授等组成的山西运城购房团包机抵京，将集中选购300万-1000万元的别墅和高档公寓。据了解，包专机进京团购房屋在全国尚属首次。购房团在看完第一个楼盘后，就预订了3套别墅。)
高净值
high net worth (In Britain, the number of women of "high net worth" status (classified as those with onshore liquid assets of more than ￡200,000) overtook men in 2005 - with 448,100 rich women compared to 429,300 men.)
高考移民
NCEE migrant (The term 'NCEE migrant' refers to students who covertly leave their hometowns and immigrate to other places a few days before the NCEE in order to get bonus points or be in a less competitive environment. When found out, they are penalized for undermining the fairness of the NCEE. "高考移民"是指基于获取加分和规避竞争等目的，高考前从就学地点迁往其它地点报名参加考试的学生，这些人因破坏高考的公平性，成绩往往不被认可。)
高清晰度的卫星图片
high-resolution satellite photo
高素质新型军事人才
high- caliber military personnel
高温湿热
hot and humid (Beijing's hot and humid weather should not be an excuse for any athletes on competition results, representative from German delegation said Tuesday. 德国代表团的相关人士5日表示，北京的高温湿热天气不应成为运动员奥运成绩的借口。)
高温预警
high temperature alert (The orange high temperature alert was issued Monday in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shanghai, predicting scorching temperatures above 35℃ from Monday to Wednesday. 浙江、江苏、安徽、江西和上海周一发布了橙色高温预警，预计周一到周三将出现35℃以上高温。)
高压线
high-voltage wire (A 15 year-old teenager in Chongqing was electrocuted when he tried to steal some high-voltage wire with a kitchen knife. 近日，重庆一名15岁的少年拿着菜刀去偷高压线时，被当场电死。)
高致病性禽流感
highly pathogenic bird flu
个案
individual case (involving special circumstances)
各大菜系
major styles of cooking
个股
individual share
各行各业
every walk of life
隔行扫描
interlacing scan
各尽所能
let each person do his best; from each according to his ability
各就各位
On your marks!
隔离病房
isolation ward
(公路)隔离带 median strip
格列佛游记
Gulliver's Travels
革命老区
old revolutionary base areas
革命气派
revolutionary mettle
革命伤残军人
disabled revolutionary servicemen
鸽派
dove faction
搁浅
run aground (A navy frigate that ran aground in the waters off China's Nansha Islands was refloated with the help of the navy's rescue force on Sunday. 周日，在南沙群岛附近海域搁浅的一艘海军护卫舰在救援兵力协助下脱浅。)
个人成就感
sense of personal achievement
个人储蓄账户
personal savings account (按照新的银行账户规定，结算功能应从个人储蓄账户中分离出去。According to a new bank account regulation, clearing functions shall be separated from personal savings accounts.)
个人购房贷款
individual housing loan
个人结算账户
personal clearing account
(开立个人结算账户不会增加储户的费用。Opening personal clearing accounts will not mean extra costs for depositors.)
个人理财计划
personal financing plan
各人民团体
mass organizations
个人收入应税申报制度
the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment
个人收入调节税
individual (personal) income regulation tax
个人数字助理
PDA (personal digital assistant)
个人所得税
personal income tax
个人信用制度
individual credit rating system
个人演唱会 solo concert
个人银行卡账户
personal bank card account (个人银行卡账户将被纳入结算账户管理。Personal bank card accounts will start to be treated as clearing accounts.)
个人质押贷款
personal pledged loan
各人自扫门前雪， 莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes
个体户，个体经营
privately or individually-owned business
个体经济
private economy
根本政治制度
fundamental political system
跟屁虫
1.one's shadow; to tag along; 2. flatterer, boot licker, ass-kisser, brown-noser
跟团旅游
package tour (I'm going to join a package tour to Spain. 我要跟团去西班牙旅游。)
跟着感觉走
go with the flow; follow one's heart; do what one thinks is right
跟踪审计
follow-up auditing
根除腐败
root out corruption; eliminate corruption
耕地流失
arable land loss (Analysts believed several major factors contributed to the arable land loss, such as increasing use of arable land for construction purposes, forest or grassland replanting programs as well as damage caused by natural disasters. 分析人士认为导致耕地流失有几个主要因素，一个是建筑占用耕地现象越来越多，一个是森林或草地返耕项目影响，还有自然灾害带来的损毁。)
更加注重搞好宏观调控，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重以人为本
pay more attention to exercising macro-control, balancing the interests of all parties, putting people first.
更快、更高、更强(奥运精神)
Citius, Altius, Fortius ( Faster, Higher, Stronger--Olympic Spirit )
《更紧密经贸关系的安排》
CEPA; Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
跟腱
Achilles' tendon (Liu Xiang's injury to his right Achilles' tendon will not affect his career, Feng Shuyong, head coach of the Chinese national track and field team, said Saturday. 中国田径队总教练冯树勇23日说，刘翔右跟腱的伤不会影响到他的运动生涯。)
个人护理用品
personal care supplies
个人信用制度
individual credit rating system
个人隐私
individual privacy
个位数
single digit (The growth rate of major textile enterprises' output slowed sharply, to
single-digit levels in some cases, in the first 7 months of 2008, the China National Textile and Apparel Council said Monday. 中国纺织工业协会25日表示，今年前7个月，主要纺织企业的产量增长率大幅减缓，有些已降至个位数。)
各种所有制金融企业
financial enterprises of different ownership
工笔
traditional Chinese realistic painting
共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商
multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party
公车私用
use government cars for private purposes (Officials in Guangzhou will have to pay when they want to use their government cars for private purposes later this year. 今年晚些时候起，广州市想要公车私用的官员将需要支付一定的费用。)
工程公司
engineering company
工程验收
acceptance check of work
公房商品化
commercialization of public housing
公费旅游
junket; facility trip
公费医疗
free medical service; free medicare; public health service 功夫不负有心人
Everything comes to him who waits.
工夫茶
congou--a kind of Chinese black tea prepared with care
功夫片 kungfu film
公告板服务
Bulletin Board Service (BBS)
公共外交
public diplomacy (China needs a bigger public diplomacy campaign to better present the country to the world, said Zhao Qizheng, spokesman for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), on Monday. 全国政协发言人赵启正本周一表示，中国需要大力开展公共外交活动，把中国更好地介绍给世界。)
公共卫生设施
public health infrastructure
公关
public relations
攻关
tackle a critical point
攻关计划
the Program for Tackling Key Problems
公积金
public accumulation fund; public reserve funds
公积金上限
threshold of housing fund (According to the Beijing Housing Accumulation Fund
Administration Center, the threshold of housing public accumulation funds in 2010 was raised from 2,682 yuan to 2,906 yuan a month. 根据北京住房公积金管理中心发布的通知，2010年住房公积金月缴存额上限从2682元调整为2906元。)
工间操
daily workout (Millions of municipal workers in the capital are being asked to take part in 20 minutes of daily workout in a bid to keep them fit, according to a news release of the Beijing Federation of Trade Union (BFTU) reported by the Beijing Times. 据《京华时报》报道，北京市总工会日前发布通知，要求数百万名机关、企事业单位员工每天做20分钟的工间操以保证身体健康。)
公检法机关
public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts
公交纠纷调解车
dispute mediation bus (A dispute mediation bus, the first of its kind not only in Beijing but the whole of China, fired up its engine for the first time on Tuesday and hit the road to solve problems that flare up on public buses. 我国首辆公交纠纷调解车本周二首次亮相街头，驶上道路，解决公交车上的纠纷。)
公交老人专车
Senior-only bus ( A senior-only bus catering exclusively to passengers over 70 started to run in Shanghai Wednesday with a promise to make travel safer and more comfortable for seniors.上海市开通"公交老人专车"，专供70岁以上老人乘坐，以提高老年人乘车的安全性和舒适度。)
公开喊价市场
open outcry market
公款吃喝
recreational activities using public funds
工龄工资 seniority pay
公路隧道
highway tunnel (China begins construction of world's highest highway
tunnel--Construction of a tunnel that will traverse Trola Mountain in southwestern Sichuan Province began on Wednesday. 中国开始建设世界最高公路隧道――将横贯四川省西南部雀儿山的隧道工程周三开工建设。)
公民投票
referendum; plebiscite
功能界别
Functional Constituencies (Five of the additional 10 seats for the LegCo in 2012 will be returned by Geographical Constituencies (GCs) and the other five by Functional
Constituencies (FCs). According to the government's proposal, the number of GCs will be retained at five in returning the 35 GC Members. The five new FC seats will form a new District Council (DC) FC. 根据港府的建议，2012年立法会10个新增议席当中，5席将由地方选区选举产生，另外5席由功能界别选举产生。而35个地方选区议席将继续由5个地方选区选出;5个新的功能界别议席将会成为新增的区议会功能界别。)
公平定价
arm's-length pricing
公平合理
fairness and justifiableness
工伤
work-related injuries (According to the revision, the compensation to families of those who die from work-related injuries has been raised to 20 times the per capita disposable annual income in urban areas. 根据最新修改草案，对工伤死者家属的赔偿金都大幅度提高，调整为上一年度全国城镇居民人均可支配收入的20倍。)
工商局
industrial and commercial bureau
工商联营
combined management of industry and commerce
工时
man-hour
公司分立与解散
separation and dissolution of a company
公私合营
public-private joint management
公司债券
corporate bond
共同安全
common security
共同财产
mutual property (A controversial section of the draft suggests that once a marriage ends in divorce the pre-marital property is to be recognized as the buyer's personal assets,
instead of a couple's common wealth. 征求意见稿中一个条款颇具争议，该条款指出，离婚时婚前房产将被认定为购买者的个人财产，而不是夫妻共同财产。)
共同富裕
common prosperity
共同监护权
joint custody (The statement indicated that the two will have joint custody of their two sons Lucas and Quintus, but did not disclose any details on how the couple's assets would be divided 声明表示，两人(张柏芝、谢霆锋)将共同承担两个儿子卢卡斯和昆塔斯的监护权，但没有透露任何关于两人财产分割的细节。)
共同利益
common interests
公务用车
government car (China plans to further reform the use of government cars in an effort to cut unnecessary expenditure and build a green government, officials of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) said. 国家发展和改革委员会官员称，国家计划进一步推进公务用车的改革，以减少不必要的花费，建设绿色政府。)
公务员
civil servant
恭喜发财
May you be prosperous!; Wish you prosperity.
工薪阶层
salaried person/group
公休
work recess
供养资金 funding
工业股票
industrial stock
工业化和城镇化水平
levels of industrialization and urbanization
工业控制一体化
integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration
工业停滞
industrial stagnation
工业园区
industrial park
公益唱片
benefit album (The "Hope For Haiti Now" benefit album will debut at No. 1 on the U.S. pop chart on Wednesday, becoming the first digital-only release to achieve this feat in the nearly 54-year history of the Billboard 200. 周三，公益唱片《给海地希望》将以美国流行音乐排行榜冠军的位置首度亮相。这张唱片是Billboard 200专辑榜54年的历史上第一张创下如此佳绩的数字专辑。)
公益广告
public-interest ad
公益广告
public service advertising (Chongqing Satellite TV has stopped commercial
advertisements and will use the airtime to broadcast promotional films and public service announcements, Chongqing Evening News reported on Wednesday. 据《重庆晚报》本周三报道，重庆卫视已停播商业广告，将在原有广告时段播出城市形象宣传片和公益广告。)
公益活动
public benefit activities
公益林
public welfare forest
公益性文化事业
non-profit cultural undertakings
公证
notary service
公证财产
notarize the properties
公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open
公众投资
public investments
工资税 payroll tax
工资形成机制
wage formation mechanism (The report predicted the wage formation mechanism reform that originated from low-end labor market will spread to the high-end market and trigger shifts in income distribution. 该报告预计由低端劳动力市场开始的工资形成机制改革将会延伸到高端市场并启动收入分配变革。)
工资削减 pay-cut
工资指导线
salary guideline (Despite signs of economic recovery, millions of workers face wage cuts and freezes under new salary guidelines. 在新的工资指导线标准下，尽管经济有复苏的迹象，数百万工人仍面临降薪的局面。)
工作狂 workaholic
工作室 studio
工作午餐
working lunch
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